Arts Important To The Education Education Essay

Arts Important To The Education Education Essay The role of the visual arts in early childhood education has long been recognised and valued as an essential component of the curriculum. Eckhoff, Angela, 2011 The arts consist of variation of appreciation. The different forms of art such as dancing, drawing and painting, performance art, sculpturing and many more. The school curriculum has to embrace arts education. Art appreciation can be inculcate to children at young age. Knowing and understanding of the arts help children to express themselves in different creative art forms in which they are comfortable in. Art nurtures the child to be inventiveness as it engages the child in a process that helps in the development of self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, self-motivation and problem-solving. Childrens self-esteem will improve as there is no right or wrong in self-creative creation. In this way, children are able to complete task with self-discipline. They practise how to complete a piece of work with patience. As the task assigned in an art lesson is usually engaging, whether it is to complete a drawing or learn a dance, the children would unknowingly establish a positive attitude towards completion of the task. The young learners also get the opportunity to practise social skills through co-operative learning. For instance, the children could partner one another and dance to the music. They could even perform a simple skit together during a speech and drama lesson. As the child discovers the love in arts, they would also become self-motivated and freely express themselves in the d ifferent forms of arts. In co-operative learning, it is inevitable that each child will have different opinions and thoughts. In order to complete the task allocated, they would have to learn how to respect one anothers view. This is part of the process of problem-solving while accomplishing a group assignment together. Each child will have to communicate in a variety ways to express their thoughts and produce the art piece they want it to be or the way they want to express themselves in a play. The young learners will pick up useful life skills to solve problems independently. The belief that art education should encourage the childs creativity, imagination, and expression did not mean that all previous pedagogies were replaced. (Jolley, 2010) Imagination helps children with expression in dancing and also helped in language acquisition to find the correct vocabulary to describe their expression. A childs creativity should not be obstructed or corrected by the adults or educators. 2 forms of art In terms of aesthetic and creative education, dance has much to share with drama, music and the visual arts. (Davies, 2003) A dance is an activity that needs time to practise and gain experience. A dance performance involves choreographing of movements with a music or composing of a musical piece for a dance. Performing can be taken to mean to do, to show, to dance, creating as making, trying out, or composing, while appreciation is the outcome of watching, viewing, talking about and drawing about dance. (Davis, 2003) The activity could be an expressive dance in a drama played by the students. This class activity could elicit responses from children by initiating a discussion how the characters should dance, the kind of facial expressions, choosing the right piece of music to express the mood of the scene and the movements to go along with the music. Children would have trials and errors along the way in the making and appreciating in every part of the dance drama they have created. In terms of dancing consist of being a creator or maker, a viewer or spectator or as a doer or performer. (Davies, 2003) Hence, it is a great platform for children to practise problem-solving skills. The children would be fascinated when they are given a role to play. They would take pride in their roles and responsibilities so it would cultivate self-motivation. Self-esteem could be developed in the process of demonstrating the required skills. There are many opportunities for praises and constructive feedback to individuals to support them in self-discovery. Certain movement ideas frequently used by in informal situations seem to belong together and can be utilised in dance. (Davis 2003) Educators on their part, they can facilitate the students by guiding exploring different ideas of movement such as running and leaping, turning and twisting, moving and stopping suddenly. Children will be able to choose the right movement they would want to include into their dance. Educators may also guide children choosing the instrument they would like to use for the movement using different sounds. For example, the sound of the fast ringing bells can be the movement of running. Dancing is tapping on kinaesthetic intelligence where the child could learn through body movements. Through practice and hard work, the children could perform certain body movements confidently. They would improve in self-esteem as they successfully perform the desired body movements. Another form of art is drawing. Drawing from observation still represents a key component of statutory art education for children aged 5 to 14 years of age. (Jolley 2010 ) Drawing involves imagination and creativity and expression. Drawing helps children to express their thoughts with different kinds of lines and shapes. It encourages the young minds to be independent problem solvers as they have to decide on the kind of drawings they want to produce. Observation also plays an important part in drawing. For example, children may observe a stalk of flower or the movements of the grass when the wind blows and draw the expression of what they have observed using different lines. For example, curvy lines, straight lines and zig-zag lines. Once children are allowed to make representational drawings, rather than mere line and shape, they are often directed towards forms of subject matter such as cubes, cones, prisms, and so on, whether copies from pictures of three-dimensional models. (Jolley,2010) Children may also move to a higher level to explore drawing representational drawings with their imagination. Drawings are one of the best ways to document the imaginations of the learners. It allows the opportunity for educators to encourage the children through guidance and improve self-motivation and self-esteem. Educators may guide children by introducing the drawing of different lines such as horizontal line, vertical line, wavy line and spiral line. Students will then apply what they have learnt in their drawings. Students will also need to be given opportunities to observe the environment around them , space for creativity and imagination. Children are then taught to draw more controlled lines. (Jolley, 2010) In this case, children are expect to have the discipline to practise the skills of drawing straight lines. 5. arts education in the curriculum planning. According to the Ministry Of Education, Singapore, Kindergarten Curriculum Guide (KCG), aesthetics and creative expression is being part of integrated learning in the holistic development of the child. In the school planning, it has to include the childrens experiences in visual arts, music and movement allow children to be expressive, creative and imaginative. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide, 2008) Therefore, it is essential to plan the schools curriculum according to the framework and arts will not be left out. In the schools curriculum, children are also taught to learn appreciation of visual arts and musical instruments. Children will be given chance to discuss about their own art works such as describing the lines , colours and shapes used. (Kindergarten Curriculum Guide) Children will also be given opportunity to appreciate, learn and explore the different sounds made by the instruments. It is the ministry effort to promote holistic education and the emphasis of the importance of arts education in pre-school curriculum. Teachers are the drivers for success implementation of a well-developed school-based curriculum. It is only beneficial if schools encourage teachers to attain subject mastery through professional development. Conclusion In a nutshell, we must value the importance of arts education as it develops the young learners in a fun and engaging manner. It helps to look into the childs development in the different areas such as self-esteem, self-discipline, cooperation, self-motivation and problem-solving.

Beowulf Literary Analysis

Nick Paine 3/11/13 Beowulf Literary Analysis In the poem Beowulf, the issue of whether or not this particular period is more barbaric or is more civilized. The author of Beowulf is trying to present a certain message in the poem. The message that can be pulled from Beowulf is that even within a society of thought to be malicious and barbaric, there is still room for it to be civilized. When you think of Vikings you don’t necessarily think of a civilized society.In Beowulf, the society of that particular era and people is thought to be fighting, dangerous and overall barbaric. This assumption is not completely because in the poem, the are big into fighting and most importantly there are monstrous creatures running amok, reeking havoc. With the monsters of Grendel, Grendel’s mother, and the dragon existing, it makes the society seem that much more horrid and barbaric. In the poem it describes Grendel by saying â€Å"He was spawned in that slime of Cain, murderous creatu res banished by God, punished forever for the crime of Abel’s death. (35 l. 105-108 ). This just goes to show how elements like this can cause someone to believe this time period is more barbaric. However, after a closer evaluation of the poem you are able to see that this society is not as barbaric as it originally seems. Two examples of something that shows how this society can be considered civilized are the mead hall, and the armor worn by the people. In the poem it refers to the mead hall as the â€Å"Gold shining hall† (40, l. 239), this quote emphasizes the importance and pride they take in the mead hall.The mead hall is decorated with vast quantities of gold and it represents the respect it gets from the society. The armor is also regarded in the text when it says â€Å"Helmeted, the silvery metal of his mail shirt gleaming with a smith’s high art†(37, l. 139-140). This quote shows, once again, shows the pride of these people, this time in their a rmor. So, what you can conclude from this is that they can’t be so barbaric if they are taking the time and putting in the effort into these things.Their pride symbolizes how civilized the society actually was. Before analyzing the poem one may look at this society as being barbaric simply because of the monsters and what they know about Viking warriors. Yet, after further evaluation of the text you are able to find the messages the author has left, giving the idea that maybe the society is not so barbaric after all. Altogether, in the end it is safe to say the author has left a lesson saying not all things that are barbaric can’t be civilized.

How Positive Were the Experiences of Black People During the 1920s Essay

For black people in the 1920s the experience was cruel and horrible that we dared to think of it happening today. After slavery was abolished in the nineteenth century there were more black people that white people so the white people needed to control the black people after fearing that the black people would take over the USA. So the white government at the time set up new laws and regulations to control the freedom of black people. Some laws were that black people couldn’t vote, they weren’t allowed good jobs that were highly paid and no education that would have been useful to them. This meant that most black people suffered greatly in poverty in the twentieth century. There were also various anti-black people groups such as the Ku Klux Klan. The group was set up in the 1850s with the only aim of keeping the white people in control instead of the black. But the group became unpopular after a while as not many people took notice of their views as people at the time wanted to get on with their daily life. But after ‘The Birth of a Nation’ a film that was made in 1915 people started to favour the group as the film showed how the Ku Klux Klan upheld the American values against renegade black people and corrupt white businessmen. By 1924 the group had at least 4. 5 million members all targeted at black people with one mission of disintegrating the black population of America. The black people of America at the time were targeted for crimes that they didn’t commit. This may have included suspicion of black people murdering white people, or raping white women. The only punishment that was given to black people was lynching, which meant hanging them without facing a trial to clear them. Many people attended these including families with young children. This was America at its worst in treating others with respect. The lynching at the time has been described as shameful to the pride of America as many young white children clapped and cheered people that were hanged. Any and every black person was accused and they all faced lynching no matter if they were a young child to a full grown adult. Racism, discrimination and prejudice was still high in America at the time with the blacks ending up at the bottom. The White Government did everything at the time to separate blacks from whites. This included having separate toilets and sinks from the whites, where the blacks had the filthy facilities to live with, separate education for black children, which was deemed as being fair to them; however the amount of facilities such as books and equipment were poor. Discrimination was so outrageous at the time that the black population had to live in poorer housing than the whites and still pay higher rents. However in North America at the time the conditions weren’t as bad. Black Americans at the time had a better chance of getting a better job and education than those living in the South. In Chicago and New York the small black population was growing and encouraging black people to set up businesses and in the end they were successful. This was the beginning of the Harlem Renaissance, the birth of Jazz Music. As more black Americans took up these social opportunities of going to clubs and bars in Harlem, there were more talented black Americans that played a smooth music called Jazz. Jazz music created many famous black Americans such as Louis Armstrong as the black Americans were the best at playing and understanding the composition of Jazz music. In a way Jazz music bought the two races together as more black Americans went to speakeasies where white people drank alcohol. The whites enjoyed the Jazz music and started to favour the blacks but it wasn’t enough to get the lives of black people out of the murk of racism, discrimination and prejudice in order to rebuild up their lives.

The Quest for the Ideal - 813 Words

Quest for the Ideal Essay The quest for the ideal can encourage us to develop and evolve for the better. But if perfection – something that is impossible to achieve is what one strives for, it can be quiet unthinkable. It is elusive and complicated on many degrees. Lady of Shalott by Alfred Tennyson, The woman I am in my dreams by Maxime Tynes and Chicken Hips by Catherine Pigott provide a realistic perspective of how beauty shapes the literal and the present world by utilizing rhetorical devices such as (allegory, anaphor and tone.) The Lady of Shalott, one of the most well known poems about beauty is an allegory, a story that contains a literal and a hidden meaning. Parallelism of both meanings can be seen throughout the poem. For example, the lady of Shalott represents the artist and Shalott represents the artist’s shadow world. This poem has greatly influenced other poems related to beauty and has become one of the most discussed subjects in the literal world. Although the poem itself is unrealistic, the perspective of beauty presented at that time is realistic. The writer attained this by using literal device – anaphor, simile and symbolism. â€Å"The lady of Shalott† is emphasized and extensively used numerous times at the beginning of the verse. In this case, the usage of anaphor reinforces the meaning of beauty of Lady Shalott and how she views the world inside and outside of the tower. â€Å"The gemmy bridle glitter’d free, like to some branch of stars we se’(Tennyson) .Show MoreRelatedThe Quest for the Ideal700 Words   |  3 PagesThe Quest for the Ideal The quest for the ideal is a phenomenon that many people attempt to achieve. As we all know, the quest for the ideal is difficult and complicated by personal experience. 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Those performing the miscarriage of justice can become unscrupulous in their methods of maintaining this standard of injustice in efforts of self-preservation. This often results in the suffering of those carrying out their quest for justice. This idea, and the conceptRead MoreJoyces Araby: a Double Focus Essay781 Words   |  4 PagesBoy or Man: the Double Focus On one hand Araby is a story of initiation, of a boys quest for the ideal. Although the quest ends in failure, it results in an inner awareness and the boys first step into manhood. On another hand the story consists of a grown mans remembered experience, for the story is told in retrospect by a man who reflects back to a particular moment of intense meaning and insight. James Joyces fascinating double focus: the boys first experience, and the mans reflection

How Gender And Ethnic Identity Shape Transculturalization...

Throughout hundreds of years, the U.S.-Mexican border has been changed numerous times due to many different events. The government and war are not always the cause of these changes between the United States of America and Mexico, however. Many times citizens become the base of the effects that happen along the border. Culture, class, and nationality are main causes as to how gender and ethnic identity shape transculturalization on the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. Susan Shelby Magoffin, a newly married Anglo woman, spent the end of her teenage years traveling down the Santa Fà © Trail with her husband for trade. Growing up in an elite Anglo household, having sense of womanhood was very important to Magoffin. She believed she needed to wear†¦show more content†¦border, Torres was exposed to many different types of cultural exchange between the Mexicans and Anglos. Although many events happened on the way to Mexico, most of the cultural exchange from the Mexicans to Susan Shelby Magoffin happened while she was living in Mexico. The first large encounter between Magoffin and Mexican workers was while she was traveling down the Santa Fà © Trail. As they stopped at the stream near Vegas, they cut through the path of many Mexican children swimming in the creek, relaxing without clothes on, and cooling off in the water. While witnessing the fun that they were having, Magoffin states, â€Å"I could only bite my lips and almost swallow my tongue to restrain my laughter.† Due to the fact that this behavior was common in Mexico, but Magoffin sees it as inappropriate and unfamiliar, shows us that there was a difference in culture between the two countries. Magoffin states that it was repulsive to see the children to running around naked. Mexican men and women saw that the ways of doing things in society should be simple and efficient. They bel ieved that there was no sense of doing things similarly as the Anglos, because they wouldn’t be beneficial in society. Some of these ways were the clothing they wore, the food they ate, and the houses that they lived in. Mexican clothing was lightweight and simple, so that they could be efficient and comfortable, along with keeping their dress separate from the men. As Magoffin

Nike A Brand Of Footwear, Clothing, And Sporting Equipment

Good morning/afternoon Year 9 Geography and Mrs. Fairfax. Today myself and Brooke are going to be talking to you about the popular brand of footwear, Nike shoes. Nike is a popular active and footwear brand that is owned by the CEO, Phillip Knight. Founded in 1964, the company has become extremely popular in creating exclusive footwear, clothing, and sporting equipment. We chose to research this topic as Nike is very well known brand and we were curious as to what happens behind the scenes. As Nike footwear is so popular we feel as though we need to understand and know how the shoes are made, including the worker’s conditions, and the sustainability of the company and materials used. Nike is known for its slogan, â€Å"Just Do It.†, and for many years has had a set demographic. This demographic is for athletes, especially competitive athletes who want to be the best and always on top of the competition. Many famous athletes wear Nike shoes and often get sponsored by Nike. By being a consumer, we take notice of these things and this draws us in into buying Nike shoes. For example, the Brisbane Broncos, the grand final runner-ups of the NRL Premiership this year, are sponsored by Nike. Not only do the majority of the players wear Nike football boots, but the Nike logo is also located on the team jerseys. This is just one of the many ways Nike draws in consumers through a wide market demographic in Australia. Nike is one of the most popular brands of footwear in the world, NikeShow MoreRelatedNike, Clothing, Fashion Accessory, Foot Wear, Sports Equipment824 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Name: Nike, Inc. Industry: Clothing, Fashion Accessory, Foot Wear, Sports Equipment Internet address: www.nike.com Primary SIC code: 3021 - Rubber and Plastics Footwear Primary NAICS Code: 316210 - Footwear Manufacturing Major Products and Services: 1. Nikes major products are; athletic shoes and apparel for soccer, basketball, tennis, football, Running, golf, the Jordan brand, Men’s Training, Women’s Training, Action Sports. 2. Equipment: Nike produces sporting equipment which includeRead MoreStrategic Problem And Issues Of The Performance Apparel Market Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Problem and Issues: In the performance apparel market the top three competitors consist of Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour, with Nike leading the industry and Under Armour coming in last. The Challenge for Under Armor will be can they stand the pressure from their competitors as they expand into a bigger market. They must be able to provide their customers with either cheaper or better products, the companies marginal cost should be better than that of their competitors, and Under ArmourRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Competitive Environment953 Words   |  4 Pageswas founded in the year 1964, it is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. Nike.Inc is a well-known brand that creates innovative and stylish athletic gear, clothing and equipment for different sports. They are part of consumer goods sector and is in the textile apparel footwear and accessories industry. Nike distributes their products through footwear stores, sporting goods store and department stores. Nike. Inc faces an intense competition d ue to a constant change in design and trends as it is a consumerRead MoreAdidas Case Study: SWOT analysis and Michael Porters Five Forces Model, including strategic recommendations2516 Words   |  11 PagesExecutive Summary: Adidas was the dominating manufacturer of sporting goods. It achieved this success by developing cleated shoes for the soccer and track and field sports. The landscape of the sporting goods industry has changes, but Adidas has not changed with it. Sporting good textiles and footwear have become popular with younger individuals as a substitute for casual wear. Soccer and track and field sports are no longer the mainstream sports. These sports have been replaced in market shareRead MoreNike vs Adidas1127 Words   |  5 Pagesby two of the world’s best sports company’s Adidas and Nike as they have been in rivalry for a long time. I would also like to find out the strengths and weakness of both the companies. INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANIES ADIDAS Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, golf company (including Ashworth), and Rockport. 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From eating the right nutritional foods, working out and people just wanting to follow the latest and greatest trends. The increase in gym memberships and the amount of people working out leads to the increase in athletic

Corporate Finance Environmental Management In Mining

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Finance for Environmental Management In Mining. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is an Australian conglomerate involved in mineral operations. It has also invested in other countries like Brazil, Peru and Colombia. BHP Billiton is an energy exporter and operates seven segments in mineral resources mainly, base metals, diamonds, stainless steel, liquefied natural gas, energy coal and oil. BHP Billiton is in a process of splitting of its core assets in order to concentrate on products such as iron ore, copper, coal, oil and potash. As of March 1, 2016, came into effect a new operating model that will bring together the operations of the firm in three new areas: Oil, Minerals in the Americas and Australia (Best Practice Environmental Management In Mining 2002). Shareholder analysis The mining industry has seen a significant drop in its shares in recent years, resulting from a strong dollar and therefore its inverse with commodities correlation, however, some investors are watching this area carefully. The poor state of the economy and how expensive they were in most markets, However, there is enormous opportunity that represented the mining of precious [1]metals and their actions described as undervalued. Investments that go counter to the popular trend and tend to earn a reputation for delivering high returns where most are not paying attention. The company was badly affected in 2015, but had a strong start to 2016 and have recently returned good profits to attractive valuations. they would recoil precious metals and mining sector, would give investors that seek value, an excellent opportunity to invest in these companies. Therefore, an investor who would invest in the shares of BHP Billiton is the one who is not afraid to invest in stocks that have less value and is willing to see the value grow. In simple terms this is a patient investor. Message to shareholders Internet has become a channel of communication and interaction of companies with their environment and context of performance absolutely unavoidable. In very large extent it is already the first channel we access when we want to obtain specific information or identify a point of contact with an organization or a person (BHP Billiton Skills.Net Roadshow Queensland 2003). The message from the board of directors is that they want to be close to all those who want to collaborate with them, work, developing new projects and support the growth of these projects we develop every day with enthusiasm and confidence. We count on a team ready and excited. The chairman addresses all the shareholders and assures them that the company continues to strive towards achieving the goals of the company as well as increasing the share value. Major Share holders BHP Billitons major shareholders are institutional investors , the single largest investor with over four million shares is Bank of America. This is a market capitalization of $147 billion. The second largest shareholder in BHP Billiton is an American Company Known as Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, which is a investment firm based in Austin Texas. It manages mutual funds and investment portfolios for ist clients (Brebbia 2013). The company has 3.2 million shares in BHP. The fourth largest shareholder is CI Investment Inc, which has slightly over two [2][3]millionshares. The fifth largest shareholder is Neuberger Berman Group which as an asset management company based in New York and has offices in Australia, Germany and UK among other major cities around the world. The other major shareholder is Earnest partners LLC, which has a total of 2.1 million shares in BHP Billiton. This is an investment firm based in Atlanta Georgia. Why shareholders invest in this stock A proper assessment of the investment in shares should take into account a horizon medium and long term, given the potential to deliver value to shareholders through dividend payments, the overall strength of corporations and profit on sale (Brebbia 2013) .It is obvious that investment in equity presents opportunities, it is no less true that investing in stocks is not without risk, the investors having to face many uncertainties, which in many cases can end up with unexpected losses. In addition to increased volatility, i.e a higher risk of fluctuations in price, investing in stocks involves greater risk for shareholders in the event of bankruptcy or bankruptcy by BHP billiton. in these circumstances, the company should be liquidated and ordinary shareholders would be placed in last place in the division with respect to bondholders and other creditors. Therefore, the shareholders invest in these stocks for the opportunity they present. Before making their investment decisions in the stock market, investors should analyze in detail its goals of profitability, its ability to withstand temporary losses and investment horizon (short, medium or long term), to plan in detail a strategy consistent with these characteristics. They should also consider the opportunities, but also increased risk factors, incorporating equity investment directly (buy shares directly). These risks tend to be smaller if it has a diversified portfolio of stocks (from different sectors and companies), or if invested through collective investment. The profitability of BHP Billiton is also another factor that has led these shareholders to invest in the company ("BHP Billiton | A Leading Global Resources Company" 2016). They also invest for the long term. The dividends the shareholders receive improve the companies bottom-line. Markets rise and fall, but long term there is usually more ups than downs. Know stay the course and not be distracted by the daily variations. This is a characteristic of the shareholders. Another reasons for investing in the shares of this company is to diversify . These shareholders have invested in the mining sector by putting their money in BHP Billiton. They have also invested in these stock because of the stability in management that the company has . The company has been in existence since 1853 and they are sure that it has a going concern. Risk return analysis The identification and understanding of the risks associated with productive activities is the cornerstone of any decision, action or activity related to any growth and development in BHP Billiton mining company. Every day becomes more important for companies to know, to the fullest extent possible, the market impact or may have therefore continually come under pressure from various fields to achieve their reduction or elimination. This is the goal of many legislative, economic or educational initiatives with the concept of risk-return analysis on the axis of its development (Cinnamon, Helweg-Larsen and Cinnamon 2010).[4] The sources of risk present Through various means such as publications, studies, diagnoses issued by experts or specialist[5] consultants, rules and legal, etc. Risk Identifiers They indicate where and how they act the sources of risk in the concrete conditions of a company or workplace. The effects or consequences of risk Price risk of goods Probability that the company has a negative result depending on the price of products (commodities) and the position BHP Billiton company, that is, if the company owns the product (long position) any price increase would be beneficial, whereas if you must purchase the product produced by BHP Billiton (short position) profitability would be that the price. The price of a product is a result of market equilibrium between the amounts of supply and demand, so that a higher price increased supply and lower demand and lower prices lower supply and higher demand, then, regarding the price, the demand is given by a downward sloping curve, while the supply curve is positively sloped. Risk of share price Probability that the company has a negative result depending on the price of the shares held in portfolio. This risk is broken down in turn in specific, diversifiable, or unsystematic risk and systematic risk or non-diversifiable. Interest rate risk This risk is likely as a result of the interest rate change in a direction opposite to the position that the company has. Exchange rate risk This is the potential loss as a result of exchange rate variations, ie, according to its volatility and have the agent position in each currency. Currency risk The risk involved in currency fluctuation This is the risk which an export company faces due to fluctuations of values of different currencies of trade. Various raw materials used in the production of raw materials increase the final product cost due to the currency risk. Earnings per share Why people choose to risk money in a new company with so many possibilities such as putting it in the money markets where I know nothing happens and I also recognize performance, the answer is very simple for utilities, because of the ability to increase profits in the coming years and that a better return was calculated by investing in a new company that wearing the silver to the bank (Cinnamon, Helweg-Larsen and Cinnamon 2010). Earnings per share are the result of the formula profit after tax divided the number of shares in [6]circulation. Price of Action The index price / earnings: describes the relationship between share price and earnings per share, this is calculated by dividing the share price on the amount of gain for each of these. Dividend yield: the percentage of annual return provided by the dividend, this is calculated by dividing the annual cash dividend per share, including the share price. Reasons for buying BHP Billiton stock Although each person has a deferential objective by investing, stocks are bought for a fundamental reason: to make money Return on stock Investment The return on investment or ROI is one of the most useful metrics that we should know about our business. It is essential as it provides us information about whether or not we are making money through investment we are doing. Here are a few simple and practical to calculate and make decisions based on the outcome advice. Different types of operations The ROI mainly calculates the effectiveness of an investment. In this operation, your numbers may be actual or estimated (in case you want to calculate a new strategy or some reform on the site to improve different performances). The simplest of formulas to obtain this data is solving the following mathematical operation: (Total return on an investment) [less] (Cost of Investment) [divided] (Cost of Investment) If the number is positive you've made a profit. If it is negative, you did not (Capinski and Kopp 2012). A numerical example If you have proved difficult to understand here we draw a clear example: imagine you got $ 600 of profit and that your investment was $100 in BHP Billiton 600-100 / 100 = 5 ROI = 5 In this case, for every dollar invested, did you get 5 dollars back. Some alternative uses of calculation ROI = -10% [Because (3600 - 4000) / (4000)] Number of acquired customers: 1 Average sale: $150 Total gain: $450 Investment: $ 400 ROI = 13% [Because (450 - 400) / (400)] Return to have been earned if you invested in this stock Currently BHP Billiton stock trades at $ 34.61 however, investing in these shares will be dependent on the return attributable to this stock. As a company established in 2001, the stock shares have fallen from the year 2008 after a high of $ 58 during its listing. There are various reasons that have led to the volatility of the shares including environmental and economic factors affecting BHP Billiton. Dividend Discount Model Perhaps from the point of view of analysis one of the most desired parameters when assessing a company is to know what is the right price for it for a purchase. The number of Graham is an attempt to determine what Benjamin Graham called the Fair Value, fair price, below which the shares are traded at a discount. But methods to get the price of a company there are many; today I bring the dividend discount model will try to include in future analysis. Price of a stock as dividend discount model Where: DPA estimate is the estimated time dividend "t" Since it is not possible or rather sensible, make projections dividend infinitely have been particularizing a little more this type of model companies that pay dividends more or less constant, appearing more complex models of which we later, but today we focus on the simplest model: Gordon growth model: This model applies when a company is in steady state as far as growth and cash generation and therefore dividend relates. It considers that the rate of dividend growth will remain constant forever. If we apply these considerations in the above equation and after some mathematics arrived at the following simplified formula: Price of a stock as dividend discount model Gordon Where: Dpae is the estimated dividend per share next year K is the expected return on capital C is the rate of dividend growth Cost of equity/ Cost of Capital - The situation of the company affects profitability demanded by shareholders of the shares of the company and therefore its cost of capital. - Ke: The cost of common equity or share capital. - Say that action Dividends generated at the end of the period "i". - Po: current value of the share or market value. . Only be willing to assume a risk unit if it receives an additional profitability as measured by the so-called risk premium (difference between the market return (Rm) and the risk-free return itself (Rf)). The amount of risk assumed with the shares of a company is determined by its coefficient of volatility, which measures the relationship between the profitability of the securities of the company and the market. Thus, the cost of capital contributions is identified with the performance of the title so that: Being: - K0 = weighted average cost of capital. - K1 = cost of financial source "i" for i = 1, 2, ..., n. - F1 = resources financial source "i" (in the case of capital must be collected the market price, while the debt must include the amounts received by the company free of charge). - T = sum of all the resources of T = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn. To determine the weighted average cost of capital is necessary to calculate the total resources of the company The Weighted Average Cost of Capital ( WACC ) isa fiscalgauge,that ismeant toincludein onefigurestatedin%terms , thecharges forvarioustypes offinancingthat a BHP Biliitonmay useto funda particularproject . Todeterminethe WACC ,will have toidentifythe amounts ,rates of interestas well astaxesbasesfor eachof thechosenoptions forfinancingoutcomes,therefore it is worthy offinding the timetoevaluatevariouscombinationsof thosesourcesand alsodecide to try togivethelesserfigure .Comparatively , withoutgetting intodetailsof the projectassessment, "the WACCneeds to belower thantheprofit potentialof theventureto fund"or evenstatedinanotherorder , "the project'soverall performancehas to bemore thanWACC" . Selling priceValuation ofMonetaryAssetsor evenCapital Asset Pricing Model ( CAPMreferred to as)is amongtheequipmentutilized infinancialtofigure outthe necessaryrate of return fora certainasset (Capinski and Kopp 2012). . The CAPMdesignprovidesan interestingand alsoinstinctivemethodan easy waytoforecastthe risk of an active separatingtheseintomethodicalriskas well asunsystematic risk . Systematic riskdenotestheoverallfinancialuncertainty , thenatural environment, to exogenous , that whichwe couldnotdeal with. Unsystematic risk ,nevertheless, isa specifiedrisk of theorganizationor evenof ourfinancialindustry.Which is,it can beour ownrisk. This enablesthe CAPM todevelopthebestportfolio toascertainas accuratelyseeing thatpercentages of investment ineach and everyasset . Tofigure outthismethodtodiscoverthe linear relationship (Armitage 2005). Thereis littlefrictionor evenmarket failures .There is certainlya risk-free ratethatmarket speculatorsmayborrowor evenplacefinances,There is absolutely noinformation asymmetryand alsoinvestors are rational , whichdoes not necessarily meanthat mostinvestorspossessthe same conclusionsregardingthe expected returnsand alsostandard deviations of feasible portfolios (Alexander 2008) . The formulae for CAPM is E(RI)=Rf+Bi(E(RM)-Rf) where; E (ri) is the expected rate of return of capital on the asset I,im is the Beta (amount of risk relative to the market portfolio), E (rm - rf) it is the excess return on the market portfolio, (rm) Market Performance and (rf) Performance of a risk-free asset. Ri = 0.02 + (0.0568 to 0.02) x 1.12 = 0.061216 6.12% ($4,255,000 interest Expense)*(1-.30 Tax rate)/$45,800,000+$1,500,000 Unamortized premium =6.2% Therefore, according to the annual CAPM required return to shares of BHP Billiton, given its systematic risk and excluding dividends, will be 6.12%. Namely, to 10.1% (6.12 / 5.56) higher than the required return to the market average. References Alexander, Carol.2008Market Risk Analysis. Chichester, England: Wiley,2008.12 Armitage, S.2005The Cost Of Capital. New York: Cambridge University Press,2005. 131 Best Practice Environmental Management In Mining. 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