How Gender And Ethnic Identity Shape Transculturalization...

Throughout hundreds of years, the U.S.-Mexican border has been changed numerous times due to many different events. The government and war are not always the cause of these changes between the United States of America and Mexico, however. Many times citizens become the base of the effects that happen along the border. Culture, class, and nationality are main causes as to how gender and ethnic identity shape transculturalization on the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. Susan Shelby Magoffin, a newly married Anglo woman, spent the end of her teenage years traveling down the Santa Fà © Trail with her husband for trade. Growing up in an elite Anglo household, having sense of womanhood was very important to Magoffin. She believed she needed to wear†¦show more content†¦border, Torres was exposed to many different types of cultural exchange between the Mexicans and Anglos. Although many events happened on the way to Mexico, most of the cultural exchange from the Mexicans to Susan Shelby Magoffin happened while she was living in Mexico. The first large encounter between Magoffin and Mexican workers was while she was traveling down the Santa Fà © Trail. As they stopped at the stream near Vegas, they cut through the path of many Mexican children swimming in the creek, relaxing without clothes on, and cooling off in the water. While witnessing the fun that they were having, Magoffin states, â€Å"I could only bite my lips and almost swallow my tongue to restrain my laughter.† Due to the fact that this behavior was common in Mexico, but Magoffin sees it as inappropriate and unfamiliar, shows us that there was a difference in culture between the two countries. Magoffin states that it was repulsive to see the children to running around naked. Mexican men and women saw that the ways of doing things in society should be simple and efficient. They bel ieved that there was no sense of doing things similarly as the Anglos, because they wouldn’t be beneficial in society. Some of these ways were the clothing they wore, the food they ate, and the houses that they lived in. Mexican clothing was lightweight and simple, so that they could be efficient and comfortable, along with keeping their dress separate from the men. As Magoffin

Nike A Brand Of Footwear, Clothing, And Sporting Equipment

Good morning/afternoon Year 9 Geography and Mrs. Fairfax. Today myself and Brooke are going to be talking to you about the popular brand of footwear, Nike shoes. Nike is a popular active and footwear brand that is owned by the CEO, Phillip Knight. Founded in 1964, the company has become extremely popular in creating exclusive footwear, clothing, and sporting equipment. We chose to research this topic as Nike is very well known brand and we were curious as to what happens behind the scenes. As Nike footwear is so popular we feel as though we need to understand and know how the shoes are made, including the worker’s conditions, and the sustainability of the company and materials used. Nike is known for its slogan, â€Å"Just Do It.†, and for many years has had a set demographic. This demographic is for athletes, especially competitive athletes who want to be the best and always on top of the competition. Many famous athletes wear Nike shoes and often get sponsored by Nike. By being a consumer, we take notice of these things and this draws us in into buying Nike shoes. For example, the Brisbane Broncos, the grand final runner-ups of the NRL Premiership this year, are sponsored by Nike. Not only do the majority of the players wear Nike football boots, but the Nike logo is also located on the team jerseys. This is just one of the many ways Nike draws in consumers through a wide market demographic in Australia. Nike is one of the most popular brands of footwear in the world, NikeShow MoreRelatedNike, Clothing, Fashion Accessory, Foot Wear, Sports Equipment824 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Name: Nike, Inc. Industry: Clothing, Fashion Accessory, Foot Wear, Sports Equipment Internet address: www.nike.com Primary SIC code: 3021 - Rubber and Plastics Footwear Primary NAICS Code: 316210 - Footwear Manufacturing Major Products and Services: 1. 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NIKE, Inc., is the world’s leading designer, marketer and distributor of authentic athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activities worldwide. Entirely owned Nike subsidiaries include ConverseRead MoreGym Memberships At The United States Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesout leads to the increase in athletic attire. For this exact reason athleisure wear was born, it is the newest fashion trends were people wear athletic clothing regardless if they intend not to go to the gym that day. People are wearing it to the office, shopping, to run errands and other social events. Athleisure wear consist of articles of clothing such as spandex, leggings, yoga pants, sports bras and fashionable sweats. 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From eating the right nutritional foods, working out and people just wanting to follow the latest and greatest trends. The increase in gym memberships and the amount of people working out leads to the increase in athletic

Corporate Finance Environmental Management In Mining

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Finance for Environmental Management In Mining. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is an Australian conglomerate involved in mineral operations. It has also invested in other countries like Brazil, Peru and Colombia. BHP Billiton is an energy exporter and operates seven segments in mineral resources mainly, base metals, diamonds, stainless steel, liquefied natural gas, energy coal and oil. BHP Billiton is in a process of splitting of its core assets in order to concentrate on products such as iron ore, copper, coal, oil and potash. As of March 1, 2016, came into effect a new operating model that will bring together the operations of the firm in three new areas: Oil, Minerals in the Americas and Australia (Best Practice Environmental Management In Mining 2002). Shareholder analysis The mining industry has seen a significant drop in its shares in recent years, resulting from a strong dollar and therefore its inverse with commodities correlation, however, some investors are watching this area carefully. The poor state of the economy and how expensive they were in most markets, However, there is enormous opportunity that represented the mining of precious [1]metals and their actions described as undervalued. Investments that go counter to the popular trend and tend to earn a reputation for delivering high returns where most are not paying attention. The company was badly affected in 2015, but had a strong start to 2016 and have recently returned good profits to attractive valuations. they would recoil precious metals and mining sector, would give investors that seek value, an excellent opportunity to invest in these companies. Therefore, an investor who would invest in the shares of BHP Billiton is the one who is not afraid to invest in stocks that have less value and is willing to see the value grow. In simple terms this is a patient investor. Message to shareholders Internet has become a channel of communication and interaction of companies with their environment and context of performance absolutely unavoidable. In very large extent it is already the first channel we access when we want to obtain specific information or identify a point of contact with an organization or a person (BHP Billiton Skills.Net Roadshow Queensland 2003). The message from the board of directors is that they want to be close to all those who want to collaborate with them, work, developing new projects and support the growth of these projects we develop every day with enthusiasm and confidence. We count on a team ready and excited. The chairman addresses all the shareholders and assures them that the company continues to strive towards achieving the goals of the company as well as increasing the share value. Major Share holders BHP Billitons major shareholders are institutional investors , the single largest investor with over four million shares is Bank of America. This is a market capitalization of $147 billion. The second largest shareholder in BHP Billiton is an American Company Known as Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, which is a investment firm based in Austin Texas. It manages mutual funds and investment portfolios for ist clients (Brebbia 2013). The company has 3.2 million shares in BHP. The fourth largest shareholder is CI Investment Inc, which has slightly over two [2][3]millionshares. The fifth largest shareholder is Neuberger Berman Group which as an asset management company based in New York and has offices in Australia, Germany and UK among other major cities around the world. The other major shareholder is Earnest partners LLC, which has a total of 2.1 million shares in BHP Billiton. This is an investment firm based in Atlanta Georgia. Why shareholders invest in this stock A proper assessment of the investment in shares should take into account a horizon medium and long term, given the potential to deliver value to shareholders through dividend payments, the overall strength of corporations and profit on sale (Brebbia 2013) .It is obvious that investment in equity presents opportunities, it is no less true that investing in stocks is not without risk, the investors having to face many uncertainties, which in many cases can end up with unexpected losses. In addition to increased volatility, i.e a higher risk of fluctuations in price, investing in stocks involves greater risk for shareholders in the event of bankruptcy or bankruptcy by BHP billiton. in these circumstances, the company should be liquidated and ordinary shareholders would be placed in last place in the division with respect to bondholders and other creditors. Therefore, the shareholders invest in these stocks for the opportunity they present. Before making their investment decisions in the stock market, investors should analyze in detail its goals of profitability, its ability to withstand temporary losses and investment horizon (short, medium or long term), to plan in detail a strategy consistent with these characteristics. They should also consider the opportunities, but also increased risk factors, incorporating equity investment directly (buy shares directly). These risks tend to be smaller if it has a diversified portfolio of stocks (from different sectors and companies), or if invested through collective investment. The profitability of BHP Billiton is also another factor that has led these shareholders to invest in the company ("BHP Billiton | A Leading Global Resources Company" 2016). They also invest for the long term. The dividends the shareholders receive improve the companies bottom-line. Markets rise and fall, but long term there is usually more ups than downs. Know stay the course and not be distracted by the daily variations. This is a characteristic of the shareholders. Another reasons for investing in the shares of this company is to diversify . These shareholders have invested in the mining sector by putting their money in BHP Billiton. They have also invested in these stock because of the stability in management that the company has . The company has been in existence since 1853 and they are sure that it has a going concern. Risk return analysis The identification and understanding of the risks associated with productive activities is the cornerstone of any decision, action or activity related to any growth and development in BHP Billiton mining company. Every day becomes more important for companies to know, to the fullest extent possible, the market impact or may have therefore continually come under pressure from various fields to achieve their reduction or elimination. This is the goal of many legislative, economic or educational initiatives with the concept of risk-return analysis on the axis of its development (Cinnamon, Helweg-Larsen and Cinnamon 2010).[4] The sources of risk present Through various means such as publications, studies, diagnoses issued by experts or specialist[5] consultants, rules and legal, etc. Risk Identifiers They indicate where and how they act the sources of risk in the concrete conditions of a company or workplace. The effects or consequences of risk Price risk of goods Probability that the company has a negative result depending on the price of products (commodities) and the position BHP Billiton company, that is, if the company owns the product (long position) any price increase would be beneficial, whereas if you must purchase the product produced by BHP Billiton (short position) profitability would be that the price. The price of a product is a result of market equilibrium between the amounts of supply and demand, so that a higher price increased supply and lower demand and lower prices lower supply and higher demand, then, regarding the price, the demand is given by a downward sloping curve, while the supply curve is positively sloped. Risk of share price Probability that the company has a negative result depending on the price of the shares held in portfolio. This risk is broken down in turn in specific, diversifiable, or unsystematic risk and systematic risk or non-diversifiable. Interest rate risk This risk is likely as a result of the interest rate change in a direction opposite to the position that the company has. Exchange rate risk This is the potential loss as a result of exchange rate variations, ie, according to its volatility and have the agent position in each currency. Currency risk The risk involved in currency fluctuation This is the risk which an export company faces due to fluctuations of values of different currencies of trade. Various raw materials used in the production of raw materials increase the final product cost due to the currency risk. Earnings per share Why people choose to risk money in a new company with so many possibilities such as putting it in the money markets where I know nothing happens and I also recognize performance, the answer is very simple for utilities, because of the ability to increase profits in the coming years and that a better return was calculated by investing in a new company that wearing the silver to the bank (Cinnamon, Helweg-Larsen and Cinnamon 2010). Earnings per share are the result of the formula profit after tax divided the number of shares in [6]circulation. Price of Action The index price / earnings: describes the relationship between share price and earnings per share, this is calculated by dividing the share price on the amount of gain for each of these. Dividend yield: the percentage of annual return provided by the dividend, this is calculated by dividing the annual cash dividend per share, including the share price. Reasons for buying BHP Billiton stock Although each person has a deferential objective by investing, stocks are bought for a fundamental reason: to make money Return on stock Investment The return on investment or ROI is one of the most useful metrics that we should know about our business. It is essential as it provides us information about whether or not we are making money through investment we are doing. Here are a few simple and practical to calculate and make decisions based on the outcome advice. Different types of operations The ROI mainly calculates the effectiveness of an investment. In this operation, your numbers may be actual or estimated (in case you want to calculate a new strategy or some reform on the site to improve different performances). The simplest of formulas to obtain this data is solving the following mathematical operation: (Total return on an investment) [less] (Cost of Investment) [divided] (Cost of Investment) If the number is positive you've made a profit. If it is negative, you did not (Capinski and Kopp 2012). A numerical example If you have proved difficult to understand here we draw a clear example: imagine you got $ 600 of profit and that your investment was $100 in BHP Billiton 600-100 / 100 = 5 ROI = 5 In this case, for every dollar invested, did you get 5 dollars back. Some alternative uses of calculation ROI = -10% [Because (3600 - 4000) / (4000)] Number of acquired customers: 1 Average sale: $150 Total gain: $450 Investment: $ 400 ROI = 13% [Because (450 - 400) / (400)] Return to have been earned if you invested in this stock Currently BHP Billiton stock trades at $ 34.61 however, investing in these shares will be dependent on the return attributable to this stock. As a company established in 2001, the stock shares have fallen from the year 2008 after a high of $ 58 during its listing. There are various reasons that have led to the volatility of the shares including environmental and economic factors affecting BHP Billiton. Dividend Discount Model Perhaps from the point of view of analysis one of the most desired parameters when assessing a company is to know what is the right price for it for a purchase. The number of Graham is an attempt to determine what Benjamin Graham called the Fair Value, fair price, below which the shares are traded at a discount. But methods to get the price of a company there are many; today I bring the dividend discount model will try to include in future analysis. Price of a stock as dividend discount model Where: DPA estimate is the estimated time dividend "t" Since it is not possible or rather sensible, make projections dividend infinitely have been particularizing a little more this type of model companies that pay dividends more or less constant, appearing more complex models of which we later, but today we focus on the simplest model: Gordon growth model: This model applies when a company is in steady state as far as growth and cash generation and therefore dividend relates. It considers that the rate of dividend growth will remain constant forever. If we apply these considerations in the above equation and after some mathematics arrived at the following simplified formula: Price of a stock as dividend discount model Gordon Where: Dpae is the estimated dividend per share next year K is the expected return on capital C is the rate of dividend growth Cost of equity/ Cost of Capital - The situation of the company affects profitability demanded by shareholders of the shares of the company and therefore its cost of capital. - Ke: The cost of common equity or share capital. - Say that action Dividends generated at the end of the period "i". - Po: current value of the share or market value. . Only be willing to assume a risk unit if it receives an additional profitability as measured by the so-called risk premium (difference between the market return (Rm) and the risk-free return itself (Rf)). The amount of risk assumed with the shares of a company is determined by its coefficient of volatility, which measures the relationship between the profitability of the securities of the company and the market. Thus, the cost of capital contributions is identified with the performance of the title so that: Being: - K0 = weighted average cost of capital. - K1 = cost of financial source "i" for i = 1, 2, ..., n. - F1 = resources financial source "i" (in the case of capital must be collected the market price, while the debt must include the amounts received by the company free of charge). - T = sum of all the resources of T = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn. To determine the weighted average cost of capital is necessary to calculate the total resources of the company The Weighted Average Cost of Capital ( WACC ) isa fiscalgauge,that ismeant toincludein onefigurestatedin%terms , thecharges forvarioustypes offinancingthat a BHP Biliitonmay useto funda particularproject . Todeterminethe WACC ,will have toidentifythe amounts ,rates of interestas well astaxesbasesfor eachof thechosenoptions forfinancingoutcomes,therefore it is worthy offinding the timetoevaluatevariouscombinationsof thosesourcesand alsodecide to try togivethelesserfigure .Comparatively , withoutgetting intodetailsof the projectassessment, "the WACCneeds to belower thantheprofit potentialof theventureto fund"or evenstatedinanotherorder , "the project'soverall performancehas to bemore thanWACC" . Selling priceValuation ofMonetaryAssetsor evenCapital Asset Pricing Model ( CAPMreferred to as)is amongtheequipmentutilized infinancialtofigure outthe necessaryrate of return fora certainasset (Capinski and Kopp 2012). . The CAPMdesignprovidesan interestingand alsoinstinctivemethodan easy waytoforecastthe risk of an active separatingtheseintomethodicalriskas well asunsystematic risk . Systematic riskdenotestheoverallfinancialuncertainty , thenatural environment, to exogenous , that whichwe couldnotdeal with. Unsystematic risk ,nevertheless, isa specifiedrisk of theorganizationor evenof ourfinancialindustry.Which is,it can beour ownrisk. This enablesthe CAPM todevelopthebestportfolio toascertainas accuratelyseeing thatpercentages of investment ineach and everyasset . Tofigure outthismethodtodiscoverthe linear relationship (Armitage 2005). Thereis littlefrictionor evenmarket failures .There is certainlya risk-free ratethatmarket speculatorsmayborrowor evenplacefinances,There is absolutely noinformation asymmetryand alsoinvestors are rational , whichdoes not necessarily meanthat mostinvestorspossessthe same conclusionsregardingthe expected returnsand alsostandard deviations of feasible portfolios (Alexander 2008) . The formulae for CAPM is E(RI)=Rf+Bi(E(RM)-Rf) where; E (ri) is the expected rate of return of capital on the asset I,im is the Beta (amount of risk relative to the market portfolio), E (rm - rf) it is the excess return on the market portfolio, (rm) Market Performance and (rf) Performance of a risk-free asset. Ri = 0.02 + (0.0568 to 0.02) x 1.12 = 0.061216 6.12% ($4,255,000 interest Expense)*(1-.30 Tax rate)/$45,800,000+$1,500,000 Unamortized premium =6.2% Therefore, according to the annual CAPM required return to shares of BHP Billiton, given its systematic risk and excluding dividends, will be 6.12%. Namely, to 10.1% (6.12 / 5.56) higher than the required return to the market average. References Alexander, Carol.2008Market Risk Analysis. Chichester, England: Wiley,2008.12 Armitage, S.2005The Cost Of Capital. New York: Cambridge University Press,2005. 131 Best Practice Environmental Management In Mining. [Canberra]: Environment Australia,2002. 28[8] "BHP Billiton | A Leading Global Resources Company". Bhpbillito(s 2005)(s 2005)(s 2005)n.Com. https://www.bhpbilliton.com, 2016. BHP Billiton Skills.Net Roadshow Queensland. [Brisbane]: State Library of Queensland.2003. Bloom, David E.Does Age Structure Forecast Economic Growth?. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research,2007. Boyer, Robert.2007.The Future Of Economic Growth. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar.2007. Brebbia, C. A. 2013.Risk Analysis. Southampton: WIT Press. Capinski, Marek and Ekkehard Kopp2012.The Black?Scholes Model. Cambridge: University Press,2012. 34 Cinnamon, Robert, Brian Helweg-Larsen, and Paul Cinnamon. 2010.How To Understand Business Finance. London: Kogan Page,2010. 11 Cochrane, John .Asset Pricing. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,2001. Connor, Gregory, Lisa R Goldberg, and Robert A Korajczyk..Portfolio Risk Analysis.Princeton: Princeton University Press,2010. 36 Connor, Gregory, Lisa R Goldberg, and Robert A Korajczyk..Portfolio Risk Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. Levy, Haim.The Capital Asset Pricing Model In The 21St Century. New York: Cambridge University Press,2012. Pennacchi, George Gaetano .Theory Of Asset Pricing. Boston: Pearson/Addison-Wesley.2008. Peterson Drake, Pamela and Frank J Fabozzi..Capital Budgeting. New York, NY: Wiley.2002 Pratt, Shannon P.2007Cost Of Capital. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons Sharma, Nand Kishore.2010Business Finance. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers, Webster, Thomas J.2003.Managerial Economics. Amsterdam: Academic Press

The Terrible War

The American civil war, which stated in 1862 and ended in1865, is one of the bloodiest civil wars waged on this earth (Porter, 1976). There were many issues at play leading to the war but slavery was the key concern. The war happened because of economical, political and cultural differences between the Northern states and the Southern states.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Terrible War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two regions had different economical foundations i.e. the north was industrialized and the southern states were dominantly agrarian. The strife, which resulted to the war, emanated from various political, economic and social issues, which informed the decisions by leaders from these regions. This essay will evaluate in details what exactly caused the terrible war and its aftermath. Fellman et al (2002), point at slavery as the main reason that provoked strife between the two regions. In the late 1970s to 1860s, slavery was the norm in most of the Southern states. Slaves supplied adequate labor that helped flourish the cotton industry. White-Americans perceived the African-Americans (slaves) as mere objects; this mistaken perception led to African Americans being exploited and mistreated (Porter, 1976). On the other hand, the industrialized northern states believed slavery was incorrect and that the African-Americans, like any other human being, are entitled to dignity and respect. The conflict between the two regions kindled tension, which later turned out to be the worst war fought on American soil. Apart from slavery, economic differences and thus different economic aspirations between the south and the north led to the emergency of sectionalism. The impacts of sectionalism were deeply rooted and widely spread. This kind of problem became more apparent in 1787 through debate on a new constitution (Catton, 2004). The southerners felt that the economically stable Nort hern states were prejudiced against the southern states given racism was prevalent in the northern states as well. Majority of the Northern states allowed for discrimination against the blacks; actually, only four northern states allowed blacks to vote. Negroes, as black Americans were called in the northern states, were subjected to threats of eviction from some states. In addition, blacks were not allowed to serve in certain posts especially the jury in all states (Catton, 2004). The debate on whether to maintain slavery or not led to the southern states declaring succession. According to Catton (2004), the withdrawal by these states was interpreted by Buchanan, outgoing president, and Lincoln, the president elect, as an act of rebellion against the Union. The succession was a calculated move because majority of the southern states were against the Republican Party, which had won an election and Lincoln was promising to abolish expansion of slavery.Advertising Looking for ess ay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both the incoming president (Abraham Lincoln)) and the outgoing president (James Buchanan) labeled the succession as an act of rebellion. It is also worth noting that some slave states refused to back the withdrawal from the Union. Later four more states joined the succession, prompting President Lincoln to declare war against slave trade in the southern states. This declaration aroused an atmosphere full of contempt and suspicion among the southern states. The other cause of the civil war was due to the unstable allegiance to nationalism belief by the southern states. The southern states were torn between accepting the Union and rejecting it. The southern states upheld their religious ideologies and rationalized their institutions and judicial system (Carter et al, 2003). When the crisis arose, the southerners decided to fight rather than denounce their religious beliefs for nationali sm, which was perceived as a northern principle. Fellman et al (2002), suggest that the civil war can also be attributed to misinterpretation of the State’s right. The southern citizens believed each individual had the right to transfer his/her property to any part of the US without any restriction. Since the rich southern farmers perceived slaves as property, the property rights also applied to them. However, the northern counterparts refuted this â€Å"right† because it would contravene with their stand of abolishing slavery within America. President Buchanan who was opposed to the slave trade believed that the southern interpretation of the right was misplaced and erroneous. The Civil war caused much damage to the US and the American people at large. For instance, very many people died i.e. soldiers and civilians alike. Although the North won against the south, about ten percent of youthful males from the northern states died in the war. On a positive note, the civi l war helped end the slave trade that had turned black Americans into mere commodities. In 1865, all the slaves were declared free. Later, the US embarked on the post war reconstruction to stabilize the country’s economy and unify the northern states and the southern states (Blair, 2006). The civil war is the worst war fought on the American soil. Although, there are many causes that have been posited to explain the war, none is enough to account for such a horrendous ordeal. Although one cannot single out a conclusive cause of the war, the Civil war acted as an example of how minor issues can trigger massive bloodshed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Terrible War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 1960s census indicated that about three percent of the total American population succumbed to the war and a lot of property was destroyed. This was generally unnecessary. However, despite the negative con sequences of the civil war, slave trade was eventually abolished and America has since then, gradually, developed to enjoy enhanced internal peace and cohesion. Reference List Blair, J. E. (2006). The Essential Civil War: A Handbook to the Battles. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Inc. Carter, A. E., Jensen, R. J. Thomas, W. G. (2003). The Civil War on the Web. California: American Library Association. Catton, B. McPherson, J. M. (2004). The Civil War, American Heritage. New York: American Heritage Inc. Fellman, M., Gordon, J. L. Sutherland, D. E. (2002). The Terrible War and Its Aftermath. Michigan: Longman Porter, D. M. (1976). The Impending Crisis. Michigan: Harper Row Press This essay on The Terrible War was written and submitted by user Kingston Alvarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essays

Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essays Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essay Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: : Fredrick Winslow Taylor’s Contribution According to Winslow’s theory of scientific management, he believed that an increase in the worker’s productivity was the reason behind the success of the employer and the employee. His theory would improve efficiency by increasing the speed at which they work. The employees would also gain adequate knowledge that they require to perform their tasks efficiently. This would reduce the amount of time they spend on each task. The workers would also be relieved some of the workload by the managers; hence they will be given amounts of work that they can handle efficiently. The employers, on the other hand, are required to gain enough knowledge to understand the business operations, manage them efficiently and be in a better position to train the workers. This would ensure that their involvement makes the workers highly productive. They are also required to devise a specific science for each job and reduce unnecessary steps in their performance. This makes it easier for them to supervise the jobs. The company would gain by improving efficiency of job performance, which increases the output level and profits. The theory suggests that scientific management is both a set of techniques and a philosophy (Tosi 10). It is a philosophy since there is a major requirement of knowledge in the business operations for both the workers and managers. It is also includes a set of techniques that are utilized to improve productivity. Both are vital aspects since one must have the knowledge to devise proper techniques on operation. In Taylor’s argument, he advocates for a fair division of work between the management and workers so that both are equally involved in business operations. Yes, it is extremely essential that both be actively involved since the operations would not run smoothly if one were inactive. Workers cannot be workers and managers at the same time since both have crucial roles in operations. The workers work as the managers supervise. It is difficult to work and supervise oneself at the same time. Works cited: Tosi, Henry L. Theories of Organization. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2009. Print.

Using the Spanish Word Mucho in the Right Context

Using the Spanish Word Mucho in the Right Context Like its English cognate, or related word linguistically, much, the Spanish word  mucho conveys the idea of something being great in quantity or degree. Like English,   mucho can be used as an adverb, adjective or pronoun. Mucho As an Adverb As an adverb, mucho is frequently translated as much or a lot. Unlike when it is used as adjective and pronoun, the word mucho does not change with gender or number. It can change when it used as an adverb before adjectives or other adverbs to mean very, in that case, the word  mucho  is shortened to  muy. However,  mucho  is used when it stands alone to mean very, as in answering a question:  Ã‚ ¿Ests  cansada? Sà ­, mucho, which means,  Are you tired? Yes, very. Spanish Sentence English Translation Fernando habla mucho y dice poco. Fernando talks a lot and says very little. En invierno nieva mucho en los Alpes. In the winter it snows a lot in the Alps. Derek Jeter es mucho mejor de lo que fue Lou Gehrig. Derek Jeter is much better than what Lou Gehrig was. Mi mam me ama mucho. My mother loves me a lot. El iPhone es mucho ms que un telfono. The iPhone is much more than a telephone. Mi ta es muy inteligente. My aunt is very intelligent. Mucho As an Adjective As an adjective, mucho must agree with the noun it refers to in number and gender. It is typically translated as much, a lot of or too many; in plural form, it typically means many or a lot of. Spanish Sentence English Translation He odo que las naranjas tienen mucho azcar. I have heard that oranges have a lot of sugar. Beber mucha leche entera puede provocar sobrepeso. Drinking a lot of whole milk can cause [a person to be] overweight. Twitter tiene muchos usuarios internacionales. Twitter has many international users. Tras su gobierno Schwarzenegger tiene muchas opciones. After his governorship, Schwarzenegger has many options. En el mundo hay muchos millones de personas expuestas al riesgo de erupciones volcnicas. Worldwide there are many millions of people exposed to the risk of volcanic eruptions. Mucho As a Pronoun When it functions as a pronoun, mucho means  a large amount of  and it  must agree in gender and number with the noun it substitutes for. Spanish Sentence English Translation Normalmente, hay cera en los odos, pero cuando hay mucha, puede ser necesario que el mdico la remueva. Normally, there is wax in the ears. But when there is a lot, it can be necessary that the doctor remove it. (Mucha refers to cera, which is singular and feminine.) Para recibir mucho, es necesario dar mucho. In order to receive much, it is necessary to give much. Hay muchos que pierden su vida buscando una perfeccin que nunca se llega a encontrar. There are many who waste their lives looking for a perfection that never shows up to be found. (Muchos is gender neutral and plural.) Muchas quieren ser como Marilyn Monroe. Many want to be like Marilyn Monroe. (Muchas likely refers to women and/or girls.)

Marketing Proposal - LA Fitness Gym Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing Proposal - LA Fitness Gym - Essay Example This is the reason why we have proposed a business idea of introducing a chain of restaurants in LA fitness gyms across the United Kingdom. The name which has been proposed for the restaurant is LA Cuisine, and the restaurant would provide healthy food that contains would supplement required for a healthy diet. Moreover, a variety of meals would be available on the menu to suit all type of workouts and individuals. The four main offerings which will be made are mentioned below. 1. Protein booster - ideal for bodybuilders 2. Slim fast meal –ideal for people who want to lose weight 3. High crab meal - ideal for people who do endurance training 4. Low meals - ideal for people who want to acquire a lean body and muscle definition Moreover, advice will also be provided to the customers in order to counsel them with regards to the best meal that would suit their workout. This would enable them to attain the workout results quickly and breakfast, lunch and dinner will be served. SWOT Analysis With regards to the business, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that have been identified are mentioned below. Strengths Locations of LA Fitness Gym There are eighty gyms all over the UK and has multiple health club locations.  Therefore, they will not hesitate in availing services offered by LA Cuisine. Market Research LA fitness gyms already know their customers well and since LA Cuisine is offering food for the people who have joined the gym, they will not have to spend huge amounts of money in conducting market research with regards to the customers (Meyerson & Scarborough 2007, pp. 55). Lower Advertising Costs Since customers are already aware of the LA fitness gym, LA Cuisine will not have to spend heavy amounts on advertising. Weakness Association with LA Fitness Gym Since LA Cuisine would be associated with LA fitness gym, anything bad that happens will also have a negative impact on the goodwill and the reputation of LA Cuisine. Opportunities Increase Locations LA Cuisine can open a restaurant in locations other than those at LA fitness gyms as well. In this way, they can expand their pool of customers and increase market share (Dunbar & McDonald 2004, pp. 200). Threats Competition The United Kingdom covers quite a large area and so the population is also large. Therefore, there are many people who go to gyms for fitness purposes because of which there are lots of gyms in the UK that gives the people a variety of choice due to which the competition for LA Cuisine is intense. Credit Crunch Lack of availability of funds or loans results in credit crunch due to which LA Cuisine can get adversely affected.  

Political Science (U.S. foreign policy Afghanistan) Term Paper

Political Science (U.S. foreign policy Afghanistan) - Term Paper Example With these principles in place, the U.S would have long succeeded in its intervention in Afghanistan with regards to the establishment of a functioning government that provides essential services to its citizens. Several reasons have been cited to explain the difficulties and the challenges the U.S faces as it tries to establish a stable and functioning government in Afghanistan. First, many journalists and scholars cite rampant corruption in Afghanistan as a hindrance to the establishment of a functioning government in the country. Additionally, the U.S and its allies have consistently failed to deal with the Afghans that drive out and kill fellow Afghans that are committed to rebuilding their country. These criminals and corrupt Afghans and terror groups profit from the many opportunities and huge influx of money getting into the country. The U.S. had a chance and the resources to assist in rebuilding Afghanistan immediately after the invasion but let the chance slip away. However, there is still time and opportunities for the U.S to rebuild the country and empower its hardworking and patriotic citizens. The U.S, as well as the local Afghans, must, therefore, be more than ready and willing to expose and eliminate the non-patriotic groups and individuals that seek to profit at the local, regional, and national level at the expense of hardworking Afghans (Brown & Scales, 2012). This paper explores the best possible policy direction that the United States should adopt to realize most, if not all of its objectives in Afghanistan. The United States has had numerous opportunities to help rebuild and empower Afghanistan and its citizens after the invasion of the country by the NATO forces but has let the opportunities pass by. Through the adoption and the implementation of the most appropriate policy on Afghanistan, the U.S will play its leadership role of

Patient Abuse in Nursing Facilities Essay Example for Free

Patient Abuse in Nursing Facilities Essay Patient abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent. Abuse is not only physical, but emotional, sexual, neglect and financial exploitations. The elderly are the most vulnerable and least likely to complain, so unfortunately they are the targets. Most families research in depth about the nursing facility that they will place their loved one, in hopes that abuse doesn’t occur. Although the research is done, families should still look for signs and symptoms of abuse since they are leaving their loved one in stranger’s hands. According to (Center), A recent investigation concluded that employment checks do not always provide adequate protection against elder mistreatment. For instance, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services prohibit nursing homes from hiring persons with a prior history of committing abuse in a nursing home setting, but those who have been convicted of other forms of abuse like child abuse may still be hired. Some states require a criminal background check, while others do not. Even so, these checks usually do not uncover convictions in another state. Furthermore, in some states, non-caregiving staff such as maintenance workers and others without a direct patient care role do not undergo criminal checks even though they may have direct access to patients and patient areas. Understaffing is a common cause of nursing home abuse. When staff members become overworked, they may begin to lose their patience with the nursing home residents. In addition, understaffing leaves many workers unsupervised or untrained, which can lead to nursing home abuse. Still, physical abuse in nursing homes is illegal, and the owners of the assisted living facility can be held liable if a resident is subject to nursing home abuse or neglect. Sometimes, it is difficult to identify nursing home residents who have been physically abused. Very often, members of the nursing home staff will state that the residents injuries were the result of a fall rather than the actual causenursing home abuse. In addition, the staff member may bully the resident into agreeing with their story. Because detecting signs of physical nursing home abuse can be difficult, loved ones should pay careful attention when visiting the nursing home. Be aware of the common signs of physical nursing home abuse, including: unexplained bruising, cuts, sprains, fractures and broken bones and open wounds. In addition to physical signs, nursing home patients who have been physically abused may also show changes in their behavior. If the resident appears withdrawn, fearful, nervous or depressed, they may be suffering from physical nursing home abuse. The most common type of physical abuse is battery, which can include forcing the resident into restraints for no valid reason. Other forms of physical abuse in nursing homes include: overmedication, use of excessive restraints, chemical or physical, for no reason, burning, pushing, shoving, force feeding, hitting the resident with the hand or an object, pulling the residents hair and mishandling the resident when transporting them from beds, bathrooms etc ( (Morgan). According to (Emotional Abuse in Nursing Homes), Emotional abuse in nursing homes is not as overt as other forms of abuse. Regardless, the effects that emotional abuse in nursing homes can result in are damaging to the happiness, health, and other areas of that resident’s life. Not knowing what signs to look for can allow emotional abuse in nursing homes to continue. Often times, a resident thinks that telling someone about abuse suffered, including emotional abuse in nursing homes, will make them a burden to the family or they feel afraid of enduring an increased amount of abuse. If emotional abuse in nursing homes is occurring the family members should immediately notify the facility. The facility should amend the situation at once but if the emotional abuse in nursing homes persists, the family should take further action. The chances of the emotional abuse in nursing homes occurring to just one resident are very slim so other residents are probably suffering as well. Emotional abuse in nursing homes can include humiliation, harassment, threat of punishment, deprivation, and intimidation, as well as other behaviors. One of the most pervasive forms of nursing home abuse today is that of neglect. Nursing home neglect is too frequently overlooked and results all too often in a decline in general health and eventually the death of those elderly people entrusted to nursing home care facilities. The problem can occur anywhere and can take many shapes. What makes this particularly sinister is that it can be overlooked or ignored for so long. Even upon repeated visits to a nursing home, the signs of nursing home neglect can remain hidden. In order to understand the scope of the problem, it is important to know the different types of nursing home neglect and nursing home abuse. The most obvious, most egregious, and the first that comes to mind for many people is physical neglect. Unfortunately common in nursing homes today, neglect takes many forms, however, all of which are disturbing in their own right. Any of the following forms of neglect warrant contacting a nursing home abuse lawyer to bring justice to the victim of neglect, as well as make conditions safer for other residents (Center). According to (Financial Exploitation of Nursing Home Residents), Financial exploitation of the elderly occurs when an individual takes or uses the money or property of a senior for any wrongful use, or with the intent to defraud the elder. Senior citizens who live in nursing homes or other long-term care facilities can be victims of financial abuse by their direct caregivers or by the administrators of the nursing homes. Financial exploitation is defined as the wrongful use of an individual’s finances or property for another’s advantage. This can occur when residents personal or financial resources are taken from them without their consent, either because the residents were incapacitated and unable to give consent or because they were subjected to threats, intimidation, manipulation, and deception. Examples of financial exploitation include cashing an elderly person’s checks without authorization, forging a senior’s signature, stealing an older person’s money or possessions, or deceiving an older person into signing any contract, will, or other document. According to (Nursing Home Abuse), It is critical for every resident to understand their nursing home patient rights in order to successfully acclimate to the very different living environment of a skilled nursing facility. Patients and their families should become well versed in the policies and procedures inherent to life in the facility and must know exactly what they can and should expect when it comes to care and safety. In the US, the federal government and each state government have written legislation which guarantees each nursing home resident specific and general rights while under professional care. Most foreign counties have similar laws enacted to protect elders from abuse and neglect in nursing facilities, as well. When your loved one is placed in a nursing home, it is required that they are given a written bill of patient’s rights. It is recommended that the family and loved one go over this bill of rights in detail so they are familiar with the rights of their loved one. Most often, nursing home patients cannot defend themselves, due to several different reasons: physical health, mental health, social isolation or dependency issues. Unless someone comes forward for these patients, they won’t get help and no one is penalized for their actions. Many do not know how to report nursing home abuse, so they remain silent and struggle with their disturbing knowledge of the abuse or neglect. Once the repost is filed, the organization that is responsible, will investigate thoroughly and will hold the person/persons responsible for their actions. If you are a family member and suspect any minor abuse or neglect, it is always wise to report the activity to the nursing home administrator directly. Tell them that you have evidence of the abuse and that you intend to take this matter as far as it will go. Do not back down. If the infraction is minor and resulted in no real damage, then you may consider allowing them to discipline the staff member internally. Just be sure to watch out for any retribution which may come back to your loved one if the staff member is not fired. If the infraction is more serious or you do not feel completely confident that the matter will be settled in the best interest of your loved one, then take the concern one step further. Immediately call police and report the incident. Additionally, contact adult protective services, your ombudsman, your local nursing home regulatory agency and Medicare, if applicable. You might also consider consulting with a nursing home abuse attorney and filing a civil lawsuit (Nursing Home Abuse). Although abuse in nursing facilities is becoming more prominent, there are several things that family members can do to protect their loved one from being a victim from this horrible crime. The elderly are very vulnerable, but they do not deserve the abuse that the under paid, aggravated staff member may give them. If someone suspects abuse in a nursing facility, they should report it immediately. If not, this makes you just as guilty.

WWI Peace Settlement :: essays papers

WWI Peace Settlement The First World War started in 1914 and ended in 1918. Germany and her Allies, Austria - Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria lost the war with the British Commonwealth, France, Belgium, Russia and Serbia, who with Japan formed the Allies and who were later joined by Italy, Rumania, USA and some other countries. Millions of people were killed during the war, empires were broken up, countries were half bankrupt so the First World War left whole nations suffering. Idealists on both sides vowed that a disruption like this should never repeat. So The Treaty of Versailles was the way to maintain peace among nations. So, in January 1919, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Georges Clemenceau of France and Lloyd George, Prime Minister of Britain who were otherwise known as the ^Big Three^ and representatives of twenty nine other victorious nations met in Paris to draw up a peace treaty. The Treaty of Versailles, which was based on Wilson^s Fourteen Point Programme for Peace, dealt with Germany and the rest of the losers of the First World War. The Peace Treaty mainly dealt with three kinds of arrangement which were territorial, military and war guilt. The treaty was signed on the 28th of June 1919. The Germans considered the treaty to be too harsh, inhuman and unfair. Germany was not allowed to be represented at the Peace Conference, they had no say. The Germans were appalled at the severity of the treaty the Allies expected them to sign. The treaty was practically forced upon them followed by a threat by the Allies saying that they will invade Germany if they do not agree to sign, there was no room for negotiation. The Germans were bitter and felt extremely humiliated and embarrassed. Another reason which caused ill feeling between Germany and the Allies was the treaty terms itself. Germany hated having to be disarmed with her army reduced to a very low number as 100 000 volunteer men and been forbidden to have tanks, only a small navy and no air force and moreover no troops were to be allowed into the Rhineland. The Rhineland was handed over to the League of Nations. War guilt was another major point. Germany had to agree with the allies^ statement that Germany and her allies alone were to be blamed for starting the war. They had to pay for damage and were forced to pay heavy reparations. They had to pay some payments in goods as well. Germany lost 13 1/2 per cent of

Entangled Pakistan and War on Terror Essay

At eight forty-six Flight eleven crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Centre (Board). Sixteen minutes later Flight number, one seventy-five, impacted the South Tower (Board, George Washington University). American Airlines Flight seventy-seven dropped on the Pentagon at nine thirty-seven (Board, George Washington University ). On eleventh September 2001 two thousand nine hundred and seventy seven people died (Glazier). It marked the worst terrorist attack in the American history. The United States economy froze while the world still stood in shock. In those dramatic moments on twelfth September 2001, President George W Bush addressed the nation and declared America’s War on Terrorism (US declares War on Terror). What followed was a global campaign by American and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) troops against Taliban, who controlled Afghanistan and Al-Qaeda, the master mind behind the nine-elven plot. The military campaign was named â€Å"Operation Enduring Freedom†. The leader of Al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden was the key target of the United States. When the Afghan government refused to hand over, USA decided to invade Afghanistan (Channel). On twenty-second September 2006, President Parvez Musharraf confided that United States threatened Pakistan. In an interview, Musharraf said â€Å"The intelligence director told me that Mr Armitage said, ‘Be prepared to be bombed. Be prepared to go back to the Stone Age’,† (Beale). But before US could go on with its claims, Pakistan had accepted to cooperate and provide a channel into Afghanistan. However, ten years into the war Pakistanis have started to raise serious questions as to whether the war is Pakistan’s or not. In this regard President Musharraf is often blamed for dragging Pakistan into a war which was not Pakistan’s. The debate on this issue has been a controversial one. Opposition leader Imran Khan said â€Å"A friend should tell the other friend what is good for them. A military solution is a disaster for the U. S. , it’s a disaster for the people of Pakistan. † (Solomon). At many instances it has been suggested by opposition leaders that Pakistan should withdraw from the war. Although Pakistan has benefited by the uplift of sanctions imposed in 1998 and improved foreign relations through its critical role in the war, illustrated by Western assistance during natural disasters, the war on terror has been a disadvantageous feat in terms of receiving highly misallocated foreign aid, fighting terrorism which it structured in the first place, and healing a scarred reputation of being a pro-fundamentalist country. Moreover, Pakistan’s ill-equipped economy is not suited to sustain a pro-longed war, especially a one which has extended to its own territories. USAID (United States aid for International development) is the most commonly presented counter argument when Pakistan’s self-interest in the war is put forth. However, it is to be noted here that survival of Pakistan does not solely depend on USAID, let alone boost economy. Between 2002 and 2008 Pakistan received a total of twenty three and a half billion dollars in USAID (Ibrahim). This aid was intended to stabilize Pakistan and render its capability strong enough to counter terrorism. Although the amount â€Å"appears† large enough to change any country, it has largely been futile for Pakistan. If the real purpose of USAID was to enhance cooperation between Pakistan and USA and boost Pakistan’s economy, as it is mostly portrayed, then it should have been more wisely allocated. For instance, a mere ten percent is spent on development projects such as poverty, education and healthcare (Ibrahim). With such meager resources, these programs cannot be extensively carried out to achieve the desirable results. Meanwhile, a stunning seventy five percent of aid was allocated for military purposes (Ibrahim). These included purchasing of advanced weaponry and obtaining counter-terrorism training from the United States. Analytically, three-fourth of spending would do little to prop Pakistan whatsoever. It is astonishing that so much of the aid is being misused for purposes which would not serve Pakistan at best. To lay down the effects, the usefulness of the aid should be considered. A strong military would do little or perhaps negligibly small to make Pakistan a prosperous state. Assume, if three-fourth of aid was spent on development projects instead. In a decade, Pakistan would have been much better off than its current standing. The extremism and terrorism could be better countered by education and improved standard of living than by weapons. Looking from one perspective USAID is the price United States paid to purchase the loyalty of Pakistan. Nevertheless, America took back what it gave. An upsetting aspect about USAID is the phenomenon that it returns back to the donor country. In this regard Dr. Murtaza Haider, associate dean at Ryerson University, says â€Å"The nature of development aid business is such that large sums of donated money in fact return to the donor country in the form of contractual payments to consultants and manufacturers. I recall listening to the former World Bank president James Wolfensohn in 2004 at the 16th Annual Bank Conference on Development Economics in Washington DC where he offered his candid views about how development aid was misspent by donors. In 2003-04 development aid was estimated at $58 million of which $14 million were pocketed by the consultants alone. † (Haider) This fact emphasizes the uselessness of foreign aid to Pakistan. Already being spent so meagerly, a significant proportion of it returns back to USA, which is bound to have a little impact on the country’s wellbeing. So in fact America eventually takes back what it donated while Pakistan still owes favors to the US. The problem here is that the aid comes with a price. By accepting aid package from the United States, Pakistan has become a participant in the war on terror. In return, Pakistan must return favors to satisfy its allies. For instance take the controversial Kerry-Lugar bill of 2009. It promised Pakistan an aid package of one and a half billion dollars annually for five years. Despite the big digits the bill was a controversy. Instead of promoting good image of United States, it declined it further. The conditions applying to the aid package were unacceptable for many Pakistanis. Mustafa Qadir, a researcher for Amnesty International writes â€Å"Controversially, aid may be dependent on US access to Pakistani nationals associated with nuclear proliferation, such as Abdul Qadir Khan. Pakistan must also demonstrate that it is assisting the US in dismantling illicit nuclear supply networks. Pakistan must show a ‘sustained commitment to †¦ combating terrorist groups’ too. Specific reference is made to Pakistan ceasing to support militancy in Afghanistan and India. There is even a reference to the Afghan Taliban shura in Quetta and the Lashkar-e-Taiba headquarters in Muridke† (Qadri). As it appears Pakistan’s sovereignty and integrity is often reduced by US actions. Despite being an ally on war on terror, USA has been suspicious of Pakistan’s nuclear program and objective of its leadership. Conditions accompanying USAID often give the United States the right to interfere in Pakistan’s internal affairs. These conditions have further extended to include military operations by American army in Pakistan’s territory. May it be a covert operation to kill Osama bin Laden or drone strikes, USA takes the liberty to trespass and eliminate multiple targets inside Pakistan. â€Å"The US has launched drone strikes in Pakistan over 330 times with up to 3,247 casualties – including up to 852 civilians† (Rogers). The drone attacks have been terrifically condemned by Pakistanis but despite that United States blatantly continues with its strategy. Though a justification for US drone strikes could have been sought if only suspected terrorists were killed but the collateral damage and deaths of non-combatants is simply disappointing. For Pakistan the most upsetting consequence of war on terror has been the terrorists themselves. For a thorough understanding of fundamental groups, history of their past relations with Pakistan needs to be seen. After Soviet Union’s withdrawal from Afghanistan, a power struggle ensued between different groups of Afghanis. The old Mujahideen army was left with no purpose. The Afghan war was over now. From 1994 a civil war initiated in Afghanistan and eventually the Taliban succeeded in establishing their rule in Afghanistan. Till 2001, the Afghan government remained neutral to Pakistan. This was because of the fact that before 9/11 attacks Pakistan supported the Taliban. Pakistan was involved in assisting terrorist groups, Taliban and Al-Qaeda, in the civil war to form a government in Afghanistan in 1990’s (History Channel). However, after 9/11 there came shift in Pakistan’s policy. Pakistan forged an alliance with the US to help channel the Nato and American troops into Afghanistan. The previously pro-Pakistani terrorist groups turned rogue. Pakistan was instructed by the US to eliminate Al-Qaeda elements and training camps across the border. This later translated into the Waziristan operation by the Pakistani forces in the North-Western territories of Pakistan. It was predictable that the old partners would initiate a terror reign across Pakistan. â€Å"The country’s annual death toll from terrorist attacks rose from 164 in 2003 to 3,318 in 2009, a level exceeding the number of Americans killed on September 11. Some 35,000 Pakistanis, including 3,500 members of security forces, have died in terror and counterterror violence. Millions more have been displaced by fighting. † (Hamid) The benefit of Pakistan seems little from the figures. The war initiated by the United States has cost Pakistan a lot both economically and socially. The extremist groups which had previously aligned themselves with Pakistan turned against it in their attempt to oppose USA. As per the Ministry of Finance â€Å"During the last 10 years the direct and indirect cost of war on terror incurred by Pakistan amounted to $ 67. 93 billion or Rs. 5037 billion. † (Ministry of Finance) This amount outweighs the economic assistance Pakistan has received during the past decade which roughly amounts to only one-third of it. Furthermore, the true impact of terrorism cannot be expressed in monetary terms. For instance, economists cannot place value on the loss of human life, loss of Pakistan’s image to the world etc. Another unanticipated consequence of the war on terror for Pakistan has been its credibility. During the war the western countries have expressed doubts about Pakistan’s loyalty. Pakistan has been accused of playing a â€Å"double-game†, whereby Pakistan pretends to assist United States but secretly support terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda and Taliban. Although no evidence exists regarding Pakistan’s double game but United States and NATO have frequently complained of Pakistan’s secret policy. For example death of Osama bin Laden placed a serious crisis over Pakistan. The international repute and credibility of Pakistan vanished into thin air. President of Afghanistan Hamid Karzai hinted that Osama bin Laden had â€Å"hidden himself in the military bases of Abbottabad. † (Boone and Black) While John Brenan, the homeland security advisor to the White House said â€Å"People are raising a number of questions and understandably so†¦ I’m sure a number of people have questions about whether there was some kind of support provided by the Pakistani government. † (Office of the Press Secretary, White House) What both meant to say was that Pakistan was providing a sanctuary to the Al-Qaeda leader. Thus the event itself was a humiliation for the country. The time of 9/11 can only be commended upon since it coincided at a time when Pakistan desperately required foreign help to drag itself out from the economic turmoil it faced. It will be unfair to say that war on terror has been a complete disaster for Pakistan. Before September eleven attacks Pakistan was under intense pressure from the international community. In May 1998 after Pakistan’s first nuclear test, it came under economic sanctions from the world major power ¬s. Aid to Pakistan ceased and foreign trade was cut off. The US and other shareholder’s formed a coalition to stop International Monetary Fund (IMF) funding to Pakistan. The economy which was already running on debt from the IMF plummeted down even deeper. By November 1998 the foreign reserves of Pakistan fell to four hundred and fifty eight million dollars which is a considerably dangerous figure for any economy. Before the tests the Finance Ministry predicted the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to grow by six percent for 1998 to 1999 financial year. (Morrow and Carriere) However after the nuclear tests the Economist Intelligence Unit predicted that the Gross Domestic product (GDP) growth rate from 1998 to 1999 was one point six percent. (Morrow and Carriere) In short the Pakistani economy was certain to default. Apart from Chaghi nuclear test, Pakistan’s brief venture into the Kargil war and military coup by President Musharraf had left the country in diplomatic isolation. Pakistan was under an estimated foreign debt of forty billion dollars (Mahapatra). But the war on terror altered the whole scenario. Twelve days after the 9/11 attacks all sanctions were lifted by Preside George W Bush after Pakistan complied to ally with the United States. (BBC News) Pakistan was again recognized as an ally by the Western nations and the started pouring in. Thus the war on terror prevented an economic crisis which was bound to engulf Pakistan. War on terror was the stimulus for improving diplomatic relations between Pakistan and the European nations. Since Pakistan had been an important ally of US and NATO, relations turned good with the European community. Pakistan received aid and technical assistance from the Europe and America during the 2005 earthquake. Pakistan received an estimated total aid of six point seven billion dollars from the International community (Fox News). During the Flood of 2010, Pakistan received one and a half billion dollars in aid for relief efforts (Guardian). This filled the trust deficit that had existed between Pakistan and the West for so long a period. However, the credit again belongs to the so called war on terror which has had been the architect of good foreign relations for Pakistan. It is true that Pakistan’s participation in war on terror was a need at one time but adopting a permanent policy would not be a sane thought. Given its capability both economically and militarily it is not feasible for a developing country like Pakistan to afford a war which would last for a decade, especially when its opponent has mastered in guerilla warfare. War on terror is a bleeding wound that Pakistan needs to heal. It is evident that even after United States withdrawal the war may continue in the region. The dire outcome might be same as the consequences of Soviet Union’s Afghan war. A. Rauf Khan Khattak quotes J. Michael McConnell, the Director of National Intelligence who narrates remarks of a Pakistani general â€Å"In the long run Americans will not have the burden of staying in Afghanistan and when America pull out then India will reign. Therefore the Pakistanis will have to sustain contracts with the opposition to Afghan government meaning the Taliban, â€Å"So when America pulls out, it is a friendly government to Pakistan†. (Khattak 10) After US’s withdrawal Pakistan’s dilemma would be to contain the insurgency in its territories which will be an insurmountable task to cope with. â€Å"Seemingly† war on terror appears beneficial for Pakistan. In fact the case is otherwise. Inflow of huge cash into Pakistan’s will improve the country’s balance of payments and foreign currency reserves for a time-being but in the long run, Pakistan is at loss. The cost paid by Pakistan outweighs the benefits received by a large scale. The true loss can only be estimated. Economically war on terror has been no less than a disaster for Pakistan. Its usefulness lays only in the fact that Pakistan was temporarily stabilized by pro-Western policies, however, mid-war security conditions in the country and costs incurred are too diabolic to accept. The immediate solution would be that Pakistan withdraws from the war and make peace with its neighbor.

Condenssed Milk in the UAE

Sumeet Mathur, Marketing Director of FrieslandCampina Middle East says â€Å"For more than 50 years, Rainbow has been synonymous in the region for great taste and high quality dairy products. This is an outcome of continuously developing new products that fit the tastes and needs of consumers in the MiddleEast†. The new pack has been launched as a result of extensive consumer understanding and research. Sweet dishes have a very special place in the food habits of the region's consumers. Sweetened Condensed Milk is an essential ingredient in several of these sweet dishes. However, the process of using Sweetened Condensed Milk, from a tin, is inconvenient, leads to storage problems and a lot of wastage. The new Rainbow Sweetened Condensed Milk in a squeezy pack, on the other hand, is easy to pour and is resealable to prevent wastage. It offers consumers a more practical and economical alternative to the usual tin. The launch campaign includes heavy consumer activation on TV, through radio competitions, outdoor, sampling in supermarkets and on social media. In addition, at the store level, innovative point-of-sale material and a unique merchandising tool have been developed. The focus of the campaign is to clearly communicate the benefits of the new packaging so that consumers enjoy the process of making the dessert as much as the dessert itself. RAINBOW Gold evaporated milk launched; Now add an irresistible taste to your tea The new product is the latest addition to Rainbow's evaporated milk range that already includes â€Å"Original†, â€Å"Cardamom† and â€Å"Light† variants. Produced using the best quality fresh cow's milk from farms across Northern Europe, Rainbow evaporated milk is made to perfectly complement the tea drinking habits of consumers across the Middle East. The launch of Rainbow Gold is evidence of the company's continuous efforts to evolve and bring suitable products that match the changing consumer demands across the region. Announcing the launch, Maurits Klavert, Managing Director of FrieslandCampina Middle East, said: â€Å"Rainbow has been in the region for over 50 years offering quality dairy products that have become a way of life, handed down through the generations. Now is the time to enrich and uplift this experience. As part of this endeavor, we are delighted to introduce Rainbow Gold evaporated milk. We are sure tea lovers in the Middle East will enjoy it's richer and tastier appeal. †

Malcom x essays

Malcom x essays Humans are shaped through experiences and interactions with other individuals. What happened to us in the childhood directly forms our identity, character and morality. To display causality of this statement, I will examine childhood encounters of a man called Malcolm X and their impact. Malcolm Little, also known as Malcolm X experienced childhood full of obstacles. He had to face them only because of the dark color of his skin. Malcolm X was born Malcolm Little in Omaha, Nebraska. He was the son of Earl Little, a Baptist preacher, and his wife, Louise. The family moved to Lansing, Michigan, shortly after Malcolms birth (Malcom X 1). Earl Little was an outspoken promoter of social and economic independence for blacks and a supporter of the "Back to Africa" movement of black nationalist leader Marcus Garvey. One of those obstacles was the murder of his father, who as Baptist minister fought for improvement of life of black community. Wrongful death of a head of the family bestowed intensive psychological pressures and financial difficulties on Malcom and his family. In 1931, Earl Little was killed, probably murdered by white terrorists because of his political and social activism. His fathers death had a disastrous effect on Malcolm and his family. His mother suffered a nervous breakdown. As soon as Malcoms mother unfairly lost her job because of her skin color, the welfare department took the eight little children away from her. Malcolm was placed in a foster home and then in reform school. In 1941 he went to live with his half-sister in Boston (Epps 17). Under these demoralizing circumstances at young age, he was pressured to violate the law to fulfill the very basic need for food. At the age of 17 he moved to Harlem in New York City. Known as Detroit Red, Malcolm turned to a life of crime, including drug dealing and armed robbery. When he was 20, Malcolm received a sentence of ten years in prison for burglary (...

How Much Does Xarelto Cost 4 Money-Saving Tips

How Much Does Xarelto Cost 4 Money-Saving Tips SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you have atrial fibrillation or a high risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), blood clots, and/or strokes, your doctor might prescribe you Xarelto. A novel oral anticoagulant (NOAC), or blood thinner, Xarelto works by keeping dangerous blood clots from forming. But how much does Xarelto cost? Read on to learn about the Xarelto price for those who do and don’t have health insurance. In addition, we'll explain how this cost changes depending on the pharmacy you visit, show you how to find a Xarelto coupon, and compare the Xarelto cost with those of other similar drugs. How Much Does Xarelto Cost? Without insurance, the typical Xarelto price is more than $400 for 30 tablets, or around $15 per pill. That said, it's possible to get Xarelto at a far cheaper rate. How much Xarelto costs for you depends on two main factors, which we'll discuss in more detail below: Your health insurance The pharmacy you go to Health Insurance Most health insurance plans, including Medicare, at least partly cover the cost of Xarelto. According to the official Xarelto website, â€Å"more than 90% of people with prescription coverage and on Medicare are covered for Xarelto at the lowest branded copay cost.† In other words, if your insurance covers Xarelto, you’ll only need to pay the lowest co-pay for brand-name drugs for your insurance plan. This means you'll likely pay around $10-$50 for your Xarelto prescription, or slightly more than whatever your co-pay is for generic drugs. If you’re on Medicare, you can get an estimate for your Xarelto co-pay through the website GoodRx, which offers a convenient Xarelto cost calculator. If you have a prescription deductible, be aware that you must meet this amount before you can pay your co-pay for Xarelto. So if you haven't met your deductible, you'll likely end up paying the full cost of Xarelto (that is, more than $400 for a bottle of 30 pills). There are a couple of things to note, though. For one, there are currently no generic alternatives to Xarelto (generics are usually cheaper than name-brand drugs). Thus, you won't be able to find an identical drug at a cheaper price. The other thing to note is that dosage doesn’t generally affect the cost of Xarelto. According to Drugs.com (as well as the table below, which we'll look at shortly), you’ll usually pay the same price for a 10-mg pill as you would for a 15- or 20-mg pill. A 15-mg Xarelto pill. Pharmacy The second major factor that affects Xarelto cost is the pharmacy you go to. The following table shows estimated out-of-pocket costs for Xarelto. These are the prices you’d pay at different pharmacies if you didn’t have insurance or if your insurance didn’t cover Xarelto. All estimates for pharmacies (except for Costco) are based on the price listings at GoodRx. Note: The â€Å"- † indicates that estimates are unavailable for that dosage of Xarelto. However, you can generally assume that the prices for all dosages will be close to the same. Pharmacy Dosage Price for 30 Tablets Price per Tablet Costco 10 mg $438.74 $14.62 15 mg $438.74 $14.62 20 mg $438.74 $14.62 CVS 10 mg $481 $16.03 15 mg $484 $16.13 20 mg $473 $15.77 Kroger 10 mg $466 $15.53 15 mg $466 $15.53 20 mg $466 $15.53 Meijer 10 mg - - 15 mg - - 20 mg $446 $14.87 Rite Aid 10 mg - - 15 mg $5 $17.03 20 mg $5 $17.03 Safeway 10 mg $527 $17.57 15 mg - - 20 mg $531 $17.70 Target 10 mg - - 15 mg - - 20 mg $471 $15.70 Walgreens 10 mg $495 $16.50 15 mg $507 $16.90 20 mg $477 $15.90 As you can see, there isn’t a whole lot of difference among Xarelto prices at various pharmacies. Most of the time, you’ll pay anywhere in the range of $440-$530 for a bottle of 30 pills, with Costco offering some of the lowest prices, and Safeway and Rite Aid offering some of the highest. Another feature to note is that dosage doesn’t usually change pharmacy costs, or at least not by more than $10-$30. How to Get a Xarelto Coupon or Discount There are a few ways you can get large Xarelto discounts, many of which are through the official Xarelto website. If you have commercial health insurance (not Medicare or Medicaid) with prescription coverage, you can sign up for the Janssen CarePath Savings Program Card. This card gets you a $0 co-pay on your Xarelto prescription each month, making it entirely free for you! Alternatively, if you have Medicare, Medicaid, commercial insurance, or no insurance at all, you might be eligible for an up-to-30-day free trial of Xarelto. Finally, if you don’t have prescription coverage for Xarelto, the official Xarelto website recommends getting in contact with the Johnson Johnson Patient Assistance Foundation (JJPAF) to see if you qualify for financial assistance. In addition to the official website, tons of coupon and medical websites offer Xarelto discounts. You can search for these on Google by typing in â€Å"Xarelto coupon† or â€Å"Xarelto discount.† Note, however, that many coupons cannot be used with health insurance. One solid website is Drugs.com, which offers a savings card you can use at most pharmacies to get discounted rates on your Xarelto prescription. GoodRx is another good resource, with free coupons knocking off up to $100 on a bottle of Xarelto. How Does the Xarelto Cost Compare With Other Drugs? According to the official Xarelto website, â€Å"Xarelto has the lowest out-of-pocket cost than any other blood thinner in its class in the U.S.† This means that, compared to other anticoagulants in the same class as Xarelto- i.e., factor Xa inhibitors- Xarelto should be more affordable. Other factor Xa inhibitors include Eliquis and Savaysa. Here is a quick look at how these three medications compare with one another in regard to cost: Drug Name What GoodRx Says What Drugs.com Says* Eliquis $482.69 for 60 5-mg tablets $413.44 for 60 5-mg tablets Savaysa $380.05 for 30 60-mg tablets $336.23 for 30 60-mg tablets Xarelto $480.09 for 30 20-mg tablets $413.09 for 30 20-mg tablets *All prices are based on the Drugs.com discount card. In this chart, we’ve compared the estimated prices of the most common dosages and quantities of these three similar anticoagulant medications. But because there are wide ranges in cost, quantity, and dosage for these drugs, it's difficult to determine which is the cheapest. Ultimately, it's best to consult your doctor or pharmacist to see which medication will be most affordable for you based on your insurance. Recap: What Is the Cost of Xarelto? The cost of Xarelto, a prescription blood thinner, ultimately depends on whether your health insurance covers the drug and which pharmacy you go to. Since most insurance plans cover Xarelto, your co-pay should normally cost around $10-50 (assuming you’ve already met your prescription deductible, if you have one). If your insurance doesn’t cover Xarelto or if you don’t have insurance, you’ll need to pay the full price, which is anywhere from $440 to $530 for a one-month supply. Most pharmacies charge similar fees for Xarelto. Costco offers some of the lowest prices at around $440, while Safeway and Rite Aid offer some of the highest prices above $500. Many discounts for Xarelto are available online and through the manufacturer. One discount, available on the official Xarelto website, works with your insurance to give you a $0 co-pay each month. It's difficult to compare the cost of Xarelto to those of other similar medications such as Eliquis and Savaysa due to differences in dosage, quantity, and pharmacy. Therefore, talk with your doctor or pharmacist if you want more information about which medication will be most affordable for you.

Become a Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Become a Model - Essay Example Our reliable and confidential human resources department is ready to help you to become part of this industry. We are awaiting applications from fashion photographers, retouchers, fashion designers and stylists, lighting assistants, and make-up artists who have the passion and desire to work with us all over the globe. This is a rare opportunity that will not be offered again, so please contact our human resources department. Are you a professional photographer or are you new to the industry? Do you need a portfolio to represent yourself to magazines and fashion brands? We are ready to help you find the appropriate studios where you can take your images. Our profession is organized in a particular way. Many model agencies request a portfolio of the photographer’s work. This is important because it will give agencies an idea of how to match models with brands and photographers. Send your photography portfolio. Don’t forget that a photographer’s main important skill is their technical knowledge about photography, so we would need to see your photos to determine whether or not they are adequate. You should send your portfolio or website to us so we can add you to our database. If any brands or fashion industry members request a professional photographer, then we can recommend you to them and arrange production by contacting you. You may need to attend a business meeting, wedding, film premiere, or another special event. Our experienced stylists are ready to advise you and get you ready for your special event. Our reliable fashion department will make contact with fashion designers and stylists.  

Sociology in the Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sociology in the Organization - Essay Example This in turn, has a bearing on the achievement of the organisation's goals in the sense that the organisation is structured according to the quality of the HR within it. Also, it shows the principles that are followed by the management in manning the organisation. (Burns et al, 1994) In this regard, this paper will seek to pitch the rational systems theorists like F W Taylor, Weber and Fayol, against modern day theorists like Jackall and, Burns and Stalkers. This paper will delve into the matter of whether or not the process of formalising organisational structures is palatable for modern day organisations. The range of study will also include traditional principles like the division of labour, the authority of line versus staff as well as the hierarchy of authority in achieving optimal spans of control. To begin with, let us describe the principles of scientific management as laid down by F W Taylor. Developed by Frederick W Taylor in the early 20th century, Scientific Management is a science based system of organizing the operational areas of the organization so as to ensure the existence of and implement various elements. These included placement of the right man at the right place, at the right time. Also, scientific management propagated a study of the motions and material handling practices within the organization, so as to find the fastest and easiest way of carrying out an activity. In this regard, there was a high level of focus on the implementation of cost accounting in all areas of operation activities so as make operations within the organization more cost effective. Further, Taylor regarded the de centralization of responsibility and authority so as to place a group of men under the supervision of one man, as an important element that could trigger greater efficiency w ithin the operational sphere of the organization. Finally, one of his most important principles was the division of work. He suggested this through the creation of room for four to eight functional foremen who will take care of various aspects of the overall task, so as to ensure that each sub task is carried out as regards minimum motion and cost per worker. (Taylor, 1947) These were the broad underlying principles upon which F W Taylor fashioned scientific management. This school of management thought followed experimentation and scientific rigor to demonstrate various findings. One of these, as will be tested below, adheres to the fact that through mediums like assembly line, it is possible for a group of people doing a few tasks, to out produce those doing all the tasks. (Taylor, 1947) These principles were in keeping with the division of labour and the hierarchy of authority, as propagated by Fayol and Weber. According to this rationalistic view, everything in the organisation has a place. Thereafter, every man is to take care of a certain aspect of operation. This division of labour is supervised by the distribution of authority so as to form an appropriate hierarchy. Every activity in the organisation takes place according to this hierarchy, whether it involves promotions or communication. The modern day organisation sees it HR in diverse roles, enabling the same to form informal structures where there is a distribution of energy and a mutual understanding which enables one man to finish the job that another could not do.

Legal issues for business managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Legal issues for business managers - Essay Example The doctrine is of utmost importance where there has been a promise to perform an act in future. These are the type of contract that are said to be executory in nature. If there has been a mere promise to perform an act it would only be enforceable if is by way of a deed. (Mckendrick 2009). The definition of consideration was provided in the case of Currie v Misa1 which revolve around the concept of benefit being provided to the person who made the promise (the promisor), or a detriment to the person to whom the promise was made. Thus detriment or benefit as specified would suffice so as to make a promise enforceable. This definition has been problematic in instances where the contract is executory was a whole. However, the definition has been found to be confusing and as a result it has been said that in order to resolve the issue of consideration the mutuality in the agreement should be looked into and consideration evaluated thereupon. (Poole 2010). The first requisite of consideration is that it must be sufficient and need not be adequate, that is it is as a matter of fact considered by courts as being capable of being consideration. The adequacy is not considered because of the fact that the courts do not wish to interfere where the party merely entered into a bad bargain (Thomas v Thomas)2 this is what is known as the principle of ‘freedom of contract’ (Chappell v. Nestle)3. However, there have been time when it has been found that consideration which has no economic value will not be sufficient and thus will not suffice as consideration. (White v. Bluett)4 (Atiyah et al 2006) Existing obligation which arises due to operation of law and is not related to any contract that is no contract has been made for additional services is held not be enforceable as there is no consideration or to be more precise because of public policy

Rituals In Religion For Ancient Rome Theology Religion Essay

Rituals In Religion For Ancient Rome Theology Religion Essay Religion can be simplified as a belief or the faith that is believed to aid people in the problems of life. The beliefs are organized in relation to humanity and the spiritual world. In every religion in the world there are narrative, symbols, traditions and even histories that explain the religion belief. Each religion tries to give a meaning to life as well as explain the origin of life and the universe. Religions matters include rituals, sermons and even commemoration which differ from one religion practice to the other (Adkins Roy, 274). They define this through their religious scriptures and holy places. Religion in Ancient Rome was so intense the Romans regarded it, as theirs. They (Romans) also regarded themselves highly in terms of religion. They even attribute their success in the world to the unity and good relation with their gods. Historically, their leaders claimed to be in direct negotiations with their gods. This in turn made religion among Romans to be a hugely significant aspect. They did all they had to be identified religiously. The leaders were supposed to identify in terms of religion, and they mostly used to be the pontiffs. There is acutely much in the religion of the Romans and the way they carried out their religious practices. The Roman religion was something that was termed as practical and contractual. It was mainly based on knowledge, and the practice of prayer rituals and the sacrifices offered and not based on faith. Rome is thought to be the source of the religion particularly the catholic practice. However other communities in the world had their own beliefs and practices not to mention their religions. However, the Roman Empire is thought to have contributed to significant changes in other religions of the world. What is the impact of religion and rituals in the ancient Rome? The godà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s and goddesses of Rome were identified with the cities and lives in each of the cities. The gods lead people as they were consorted before any actions. They were offered sacrifices frequently in order to please them. The roman religious attitudes resulted to the state cult and influence on political as well as military events. Family heads were responsible in overseeing domestic rituals and players. In the Roman Empire, the issues to do with the religion were left in the hands of the state officials and not in the individuals care. During the ancient times in Rome there existed a number of religious posts where each one of them served a pivotal role in the organization (Rupke, 259). The early times in the roman religion, it was based on spirits and the people did not build mythologies like their Greek counterparts as they believed everything had spirit. The spirits were held responsible for any good or evil in the communities. This obliged th e Romans to keep the spirits happy through various worshipping and sacrifice offering to them. Proper performance of the rituals and the sacrifices was believed to keep the gods happy. The Romans had a practical approach to the issue of religion. This explained why they had a number of gods rather than believe in one powerful god. Their religion was not centrally originating or believed but was comprised of a number of rituals, superstitions and taboos. There also contained different traditions which were collected from different sources over time. Their religion was less spiritual but a relationship with external forces that they believed controlled their existence and well being. Various Origins are credited for the roman religion. Several gods and goddesses were bled for several religious influences. Many of these came via the Greek colonies from the southern part of Italy. Other had their origin from the old religions that existed in society. For example, they had a god known as Diana which was believed to originate from Latin. Many of the rituals and the sacrifices made by the Romans were done as per their belief that the gods and the goddesses needed to be pleased. They also prayed for them to have the good fortune in their actions. Therefore, sacrificial offerings were made to the roman gods. These sacrifices were specific and were highly respected in the society as well as highly ritualized. For example, the sex of animal sacrificed was supposed to correspond with the sex of the goddess or the gods to whom the sacrifice was meant for (Browne, 86). The upper gods were offered white animals and the black ones were offered to the underworld gods. There were public, and even private offerings done statues were erected along the streets and market places. Some of the sacrifices made during games, ceremonies, altar among others. The five posts (Vestal virgins, pontiffs, Haruspex, Flamens Augurs) formed the basis for the sacrifices made by the Romans. Each of the post had a meaning in the Roman Empire. Pontiff s were the advisors to the magistrates the Haruspex was a priest who was greatly regarded in the society and he was for predicting the future. The Augars were used to tell whether the gods were in support of any of the government action. The vestal virgins were never to let out the flame as their duty was to guard the sacred fire. They were also supposed to bake the sacred salt cake for use in a number of ceremonies. They were supposed to remain virgins (Browne, 90). The Roman calendar contained months and corresponding festivals. I.e. each month had festivals that were in honor of their gods. They were comprised of sober, joyful and dignified events. For example in the month of February, people were given 9 days to worship their dead ancestors, at this time businesses were closed, and no marriages were allowed as well as closing of the temples. A number of festivals followed where each occasion had a meaning to the Romans. Religion in the ancient roman religion was incorporated together with the state in their belief system. For example, a sacrifice to the gods or an oath was legally binding. Despite the strict following of religion by the Romans, the survival of religion depended on renewal and also affirmation of their beliefs as time changed as also the social and the attitude changes. Their beliefs were on unconnected traditions where many of them came from Greek rather than Italian foundation. As they lacked core basis of their beliefs, other religions found it easy to establish themselves in the Rome. Some of the cults that managed to find their way into Roman Empire are religions such as the goddess Cybele and Isiris and Osiris from Egypt (North, 44). The initial roman religion continued to be undermined by the increasing impact of the Greek philosophy such as the stoicism which in itself taught that there was a single god. As I summarize, it is clear that the issue of religion in the ancient Rome was rather municipal and not personal. When this is compared to todays Christianity, it is different. This is because in Christianity god is worshiped from the peoples love and the trust they have for him rather than fear as shown by the Romans in the ancient times. The roman took part in offerings to their gods as well as making sacrifices. They went ahead and established family religious practices which were carried out in their homes. They had a number of god and goddesses whom they believed were responsible for watching and take care of them if they treated them in accordance. This explains why the Romans performed the rituals and the actions they did. The roman religion was defined by a set of rules and rituals that were performed in the community. As seen, the religion community, tradition and the community prescribed the rituals that were to be performed at any given time. As time moved on there were changes and people could choose the religious group to follow from different groups that existed. The groups came in between the time of Caesar and Augustine who ruled in the 4th and 5th centuries respectively. The impact of religion in the Roman Empire was felt all over the nation. However, from the incoming religious believes the Romans adopted a number of them and followed them. This left the Romans divided as they did into have their own established religion (Warrior, 7). In the ancient times, religion was interconnected with politics, and it is the politicians who taught the religion as it was treated to be a public matter and not at the individual level. In addition to this, they performed rituals, which were a sign of believe rs and dedication to their gods and goddesses. From the case of Roman religion, it is clear that various rituals were performed which were pivotal in the interaction between the people and the gods/goddesses. Rituals were marked by several event celebrations and public events.