Wednesday, December 25, 2019

How Gender And Ethnic Identity Shape Transculturalization...

Throughout hundreds of years, the U.S.-Mexican border has been changed numerous times due to many different events. The government and war are not always the cause of these changes between the United States of America and Mexico, however. Many times citizens become the base of the effects that happen along the border. Culture, class, and nationality are main causes as to how gender and ethnic identity shape transculturalization on the U.S.-Mexico borderlands. Susan Shelby Magoffin, a newly married Anglo woman, spent the end of her teenage years traveling down the Santa Fà © Trail with her husband for trade. Growing up in an elite Anglo household, having sense of womanhood was very important to Magoffin. She believed she needed to wear†¦show more content†¦border, Torres was exposed to many different types of cultural exchange between the Mexicans and Anglos. Although many events happened on the way to Mexico, most of the cultural exchange from the Mexicans to Susan Shelby Magoffin happened while she was living in Mexico. The first large encounter between Magoffin and Mexican workers was while she was traveling down the Santa Fà © Trail. As they stopped at the stream near Vegas, they cut through the path of many Mexican children swimming in the creek, relaxing without clothes on, and cooling off in the water. While witnessing the fun that they were having, Magoffin states, â€Å"I could only bite my lips and almost swallow my tongue to restrain my laughter.† Due to the fact that this behavior was common in Mexico, but Magoffin sees it as inappropriate and unfamiliar, shows us that there was a difference in culture between the two countries. Magoffin states that it was repulsive to see the children to running around naked. Mexican men and women saw that the ways of doing things in society should be simple and efficient. They bel ieved that there was no sense of doing things similarly as the Anglos, because they wouldn’t be beneficial in society. Some of these ways were the clothing they wore, the food they ate, and the houses that they lived in. Mexican clothing was lightweight and simple, so that they could be efficient and comfortable, along with keeping their dress separate from the men. As Magoffin

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Nike A Brand Of Footwear, Clothing, And Sporting Equipment

Good morning/afternoon Year 9 Geography and Mrs. Fairfax. Today myself and Brooke are going to be talking to you about the popular brand of footwear, Nike shoes. Nike is a popular active and footwear brand that is owned by the CEO, Phillip Knight. Founded in 1964, the company has become extremely popular in creating exclusive footwear, clothing, and sporting equipment. We chose to research this topic as Nike is very well known brand and we were curious as to what happens behind the scenes. As Nike footwear is so popular we feel as though we need to understand and know how the shoes are made, including the worker’s conditions, and the sustainability of the company and materials used. Nike is known for its slogan, â€Å"Just Do It.†, and for many years has had a set demographic. This demographic is for athletes, especially competitive athletes who want to be the best and always on top of the competition. Many famous athletes wear Nike shoes and often get sponsored by Nike. By being a consumer, we take notice of these things and this draws us in into buying Nike shoes. For example, the Brisbane Broncos, the grand final runner-ups of the NRL Premiership this year, are sponsored by Nike. Not only do the majority of the players wear Nike football boots, but the Nike logo is also located on the team jerseys. This is just one of the many ways Nike draws in consumers through a wide market demographic in Australia. Nike is one of the most popular brands of footwear in the world, NikeShow MoreRelatedNike, Clothing, Fashion Accessory, Foot Wear, Sports Equipment824 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Name: Nike, Inc. Industry: Clothing, Fashion Accessory, Foot Wear, Sports Equipment Internet address: www.nike.com Primary SIC code: 3021 - Rubber and Plastics Footwear Primary NAICS Code: 316210 - Footwear Manufacturing Major Products and Services: 1. Nikes major products are; athletic shoes and apparel for soccer, basketball, tennis, football, Running, golf, the Jordan brand, Men’s Training, Women’s Training, Action Sports. 2. Equipment: Nike produces sporting equipment which includeRead MoreStrategic Problem And Issues Of The Performance Apparel Market Essay906 Words   |  4 PagesStrategic Problem and Issues: In the performance apparel market the top three competitors consist of Nike, Adidas, and Under Armour, with Nike leading the industry and Under Armour coming in last. The Challenge for Under Armor will be can they stand the pressure from their competitors as they expand into a bigger market. They must be able to provide their customers with either cheaper or better products, the companies marginal cost should be better than that of their competitors, and Under ArmourRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Nike s Competitive Environment953 Words   |  4 Pageswas founded in the year 1964, it is headquartered in Beaverton, Oregon. 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Soccer and track and field sports are no longer the mainstream sports. These sports have been replaced in market shareRead MoreNike vs Adidas1127 Words   |  5 Pagesby two of the world’s best sports company’s Adidas and Nike as they have been in rivalry for a long time. I would also like to find out the strengths and weakness of both the companies. INTRODUCTION OF THE COMPANIES ADIDAS Adidas AG is a German sports apparel manufacturer and parent company of the Adidas Group, which consists of the Reebok sportswear company, golf company (including Ashworth), and Rockport. Besides sports footwear, the company also produces other products such as bagsRead MoreA Market Analysis Will Be On Nike, Inc.1336 Words   |  6 PagesThis market analysis will be on Nike, Inc. using the Porter’s Five Forces designed by Porter, (2008): 1) Competitive Rivalry within the Industry, 2) Bargaining Power of Suppliers, 3) Bargaining Power of Customers, 4) Threat of New Entrants, and 5) Threat of Substitute Products. Nike was founded in 1964 by Bill Bowerman a track coach at the University of Oregon who developed lightweight, durable running shoes along with Phil Knight one of his runners and a student of business at the University. AlmostRead MoreNike, Inc. Case Analysis844 Words   |  4 PagesNIKE, Inc., is a company that was founded in by William Jay Bowerman and Philip H. Kn ight in 1964, and was originally called Blue Ribbon Sports, Inc. It’s name was changed to Nike, Inc. in 1971. It’s base of operation is located in Beaverton, Oregon. NIKE, Inc., is the world’s leading designer, marketer and distributor of authentic athletic footwear, apparel, equipment and accessories for a wide variety of sports and fitness activities worldwide. Entirely owned Nike subsidiaries include ConverseRead MoreGym Memberships At The United States Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesout leads to the increase in athletic attire. For this exact reason athleisure wear was born, it is the newest fashion trends were people wear athletic clothing regardless if they intend not to go to the gym that day. People are wearing it to the office, shopping, to run errands and other social events. Athleisure wear consist of articles of clothing such as spandex, leggings, yoga pants, sports bras and fashionable sweats. Over the last 10 years an increase in athleisure wear h as spread at a rapidRead MoreSwot - so Analysis Nike1366 Words   |  6 PagesNike SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) Strengths - Nike is one of the main shoemaker in the world. It designs and sells shoes for a big variety of sports including basketball, baseball, golf, soccer, volleyball, tennis, football and running. - Nike is strong at research and development, as is evidenced by its evolving and innovative product range. Its products go through a rigorous quality control before they go to market. Despite the cost to keep a high-levelRead MoreWhy Investing Of Nike Stocks Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesWhy invest in Nike stocks? Over the last 10 years’ gym memberships within the United States have increased from 41.3 million to 54.1 million. The biggest trend over the last few years is becoming fit, more and more each day people are finding ways to live fit and healthier lifestyles. From eating the right nutritional foods, working out and people just wanting to follow the latest and greatest trends. The increase in gym memberships and the amount of people working out leads to the increase in athletic

Monday, December 9, 2019

Corporate Finance Environmental Management In Mining

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Finance for Environmental Management In Mining. Answer: Introduction BHP Billiton is an Australian conglomerate involved in mineral operations. It has also invested in other countries like Brazil, Peru and Colombia. BHP Billiton is an energy exporter and operates seven segments in mineral resources mainly, base metals, diamonds, stainless steel, liquefied natural gas, energy coal and oil. BHP Billiton is in a process of splitting of its core assets in order to concentrate on products such as iron ore, copper, coal, oil and potash. As of March 1, 2016, came into effect a new operating model that will bring together the operations of the firm in three new areas: Oil, Minerals in the Americas and Australia (Best Practice Environmental Management In Mining 2002). Shareholder analysis The mining industry has seen a significant drop in its shares in recent years, resulting from a strong dollar and therefore its inverse with commodities correlation, however, some investors are watching this area carefully. The poor state of the economy and how expensive they were in most markets, However, there is enormous opportunity that represented the mining of precious [1]metals and their actions described as undervalued. Investments that go counter to the popular trend and tend to earn a reputation for delivering high returns where most are not paying attention. The company was badly affected in 2015, but had a strong start to 2016 and have recently returned good profits to attractive valuations. they would recoil precious metals and mining sector, would give investors that seek value, an excellent opportunity to invest in these companies. Therefore, an investor who would invest in the shares of BHP Billiton is the one who is not afraid to invest in stocks that have less value and is willing to see the value grow. In simple terms this is a patient investor. Message to shareholders Internet has become a channel of communication and interaction of companies with their environment and context of performance absolutely unavoidable. In very large extent it is already the first channel we access when we want to obtain specific information or identify a point of contact with an organization or a person (BHP Billiton Skills.Net Roadshow Queensland 2003). The message from the board of directors is that they want to be close to all those who want to collaborate with them, work, developing new projects and support the growth of these projects we develop every day with enthusiasm and confidence. We count on a team ready and excited. The chairman addresses all the shareholders and assures them that the company continues to strive towards achieving the goals of the company as well as increasing the share value. Major Share holders BHP Billitons major shareholders are institutional investors , the single largest investor with over four million shares is Bank of America. This is a market capitalization of $147 billion. The second largest shareholder in BHP Billiton is an American Company Known as Dimensional Fund Advisors LP, which is a investment firm based in Austin Texas. It manages mutual funds and investment portfolios for ist clients (Brebbia 2013). The company has 3.2 million shares in BHP. The fourth largest shareholder is CI Investment Inc, which has slightly over two [2][3]millionshares. The fifth largest shareholder is Neuberger Berman Group which as an asset management company based in New York and has offices in Australia, Germany and UK among other major cities around the world. The other major shareholder is Earnest partners LLC, which has a total of 2.1 million shares in BHP Billiton. This is an investment firm based in Atlanta Georgia. Why shareholders invest in this stock A proper assessment of the investment in shares should take into account a horizon medium and long term, given the potential to deliver value to shareholders through dividend payments, the overall strength of corporations and profit on sale (Brebbia 2013) .It is obvious that investment in equity presents opportunities, it is no less true that investing in stocks is not without risk, the investors having to face many uncertainties, which in many cases can end up with unexpected losses. In addition to increased volatility, i.e a higher risk of fluctuations in price, investing in stocks involves greater risk for shareholders in the event of bankruptcy or bankruptcy by BHP billiton. in these circumstances, the company should be liquidated and ordinary shareholders would be placed in last place in the division with respect to bondholders and other creditors. Therefore, the shareholders invest in these stocks for the opportunity they present. Before making their investment decisions in the stock market, investors should analyze in detail its goals of profitability, its ability to withstand temporary losses and investment horizon (short, medium or long term), to plan in detail a strategy consistent with these characteristics. They should also consider the opportunities, but also increased risk factors, incorporating equity investment directly (buy shares directly). These risks tend to be smaller if it has a diversified portfolio of stocks (from different sectors and companies), or if invested through collective investment. The profitability of BHP Billiton is also another factor that has led these shareholders to invest in the company ("BHP Billiton | A Leading Global Resources Company" 2016). They also invest for the long term. The dividends the shareholders receive improve the companies bottom-line. Markets rise and fall, but long term there is usually more ups than downs. Know stay the course and not be distracted by the daily variations. This is a characteristic of the shareholders. Another reasons for investing in the shares of this company is to diversify . These shareholders have invested in the mining sector by putting their money in BHP Billiton. They have also invested in these stock because of the stability in management that the company has . The company has been in existence since 1853 and they are sure that it has a going concern. Risk return analysis The identification and understanding of the risks associated with productive activities is the cornerstone of any decision, action or activity related to any growth and development in BHP Billiton mining company. Every day becomes more important for companies to know, to the fullest extent possible, the market impact or may have therefore continually come under pressure from various fields to achieve their reduction or elimination. This is the goal of many legislative, economic or educational initiatives with the concept of risk-return analysis on the axis of its development (Cinnamon, Helweg-Larsen and Cinnamon 2010).[4] The sources of risk present Through various means such as publications, studies, diagnoses issued by experts or specialist[5] consultants, rules and legal, etc. Risk Identifiers They indicate where and how they act the sources of risk in the concrete conditions of a company or workplace. The effects or consequences of risk Price risk of goods Probability that the company has a negative result depending on the price of products (commodities) and the position BHP Billiton company, that is, if the company owns the product (long position) any price increase would be beneficial, whereas if you must purchase the product produced by BHP Billiton (short position) profitability would be that the price. The price of a product is a result of market equilibrium between the amounts of supply and demand, so that a higher price increased supply and lower demand and lower prices lower supply and higher demand, then, regarding the price, the demand is given by a downward sloping curve, while the supply curve is positively sloped. Risk of share price Probability that the company has a negative result depending on the price of the shares held in portfolio. This risk is broken down in turn in specific, diversifiable, or unsystematic risk and systematic risk or non-diversifiable. Interest rate risk This risk is likely as a result of the interest rate change in a direction opposite to the position that the company has. Exchange rate risk This is the potential loss as a result of exchange rate variations, ie, according to its volatility and have the agent position in each currency. Currency risk The risk involved in currency fluctuation This is the risk which an export company faces due to fluctuations of values of different currencies of trade. Various raw materials used in the production of raw materials increase the final product cost due to the currency risk. Earnings per share Why people choose to risk money in a new company with so many possibilities such as putting it in the money markets where I know nothing happens and I also recognize performance, the answer is very simple for utilities, because of the ability to increase profits in the coming years and that a better return was calculated by investing in a new company that wearing the silver to the bank (Cinnamon, Helweg-Larsen and Cinnamon 2010). Earnings per share are the result of the formula profit after tax divided the number of shares in [6]circulation. Price of Action The index price / earnings: describes the relationship between share price and earnings per share, this is calculated by dividing the share price on the amount of gain for each of these. Dividend yield: the percentage of annual return provided by the dividend, this is calculated by dividing the annual cash dividend per share, including the share price. Reasons for buying BHP Billiton stock Although each person has a deferential objective by investing, stocks are bought for a fundamental reason: to make money Return on stock Investment The return on investment or ROI is one of the most useful metrics that we should know about our business. It is essential as it provides us information about whether or not we are making money through investment we are doing. Here are a few simple and practical to calculate and make decisions based on the outcome advice. Different types of operations The ROI mainly calculates the effectiveness of an investment. In this operation, your numbers may be actual or estimated (in case you want to calculate a new strategy or some reform on the site to improve different performances). The simplest of formulas to obtain this data is solving the following mathematical operation: (Total return on an investment) [less] (Cost of Investment) [divided] (Cost of Investment) If the number is positive you've made a profit. If it is negative, you did not (Capinski and Kopp 2012). A numerical example If you have proved difficult to understand here we draw a clear example: imagine you got $ 600 of profit and that your investment was $100 in BHP Billiton 600-100 / 100 = 5 ROI = 5 In this case, for every dollar invested, did you get 5 dollars back. Some alternative uses of calculation ROI = -10% [Because (3600 - 4000) / (4000)] Number of acquired customers: 1 Average sale: $150 Total gain: $450 Investment: $ 400 ROI = 13% [Because (450 - 400) / (400)] Return to have been earned if you invested in this stock Currently BHP Billiton stock trades at $ 34.61 however, investing in these shares will be dependent on the return attributable to this stock. As a company established in 2001, the stock shares have fallen from the year 2008 after a high of $ 58 during its listing. There are various reasons that have led to the volatility of the shares including environmental and economic factors affecting BHP Billiton. Dividend Discount Model Perhaps from the point of view of analysis one of the most desired parameters when assessing a company is to know what is the right price for it for a purchase. The number of Graham is an attempt to determine what Benjamin Graham called the Fair Value, fair price, below which the shares are traded at a discount. But methods to get the price of a company there are many; today I bring the dividend discount model will try to include in future analysis. Price of a stock as dividend discount model Where: DPA estimate is the estimated time dividend "t" Since it is not possible or rather sensible, make projections dividend infinitely have been particularizing a little more this type of model companies that pay dividends more or less constant, appearing more complex models of which we later, but today we focus on the simplest model: Gordon growth model: This model applies when a company is in steady state as far as growth and cash generation and therefore dividend relates. It considers that the rate of dividend growth will remain constant forever. If we apply these considerations in the above equation and after some mathematics arrived at the following simplified formula: Price of a stock as dividend discount model Gordon Where: Dpae is the estimated dividend per share next year K is the expected return on capital C is the rate of dividend growth Cost of equity/ Cost of Capital - The situation of the company affects profitability demanded by shareholders of the shares of the company and therefore its cost of capital. - Ke: The cost of common equity or share capital. - Say that action Dividends generated at the end of the period "i". - Po: current value of the share or market value. . Only be willing to assume a risk unit if it receives an additional profitability as measured by the so-called risk premium (difference between the market return (Rm) and the risk-free return itself (Rf)). The amount of risk assumed with the shares of a company is determined by its coefficient of volatility, which measures the relationship between the profitability of the securities of the company and the market. Thus, the cost of capital contributions is identified with the performance of the title so that: Being: - K0 = weighted average cost of capital. - K1 = cost of financial source "i" for i = 1, 2, ..., n. - F1 = resources financial source "i" (in the case of capital must be collected the market price, while the debt must include the amounts received by the company free of charge). - T = sum of all the resources of T = R1 + R2 + ... + Rn. To determine the weighted average cost of capital is necessary to calculate the total resources of the company The Weighted Average Cost of Capital ( WACC ) isa fiscalgauge,that ismeant toincludein onefigurestatedin%terms , thecharges forvarioustypes offinancingthat a BHP Biliitonmay useto funda particularproject . Todeterminethe WACC ,will have toidentifythe amounts ,rates of interestas well astaxesbasesfor eachof thechosenoptions forfinancingoutcomes,therefore it is worthy offinding the timetoevaluatevariouscombinationsof thosesourcesand alsodecide to try togivethelesserfigure .Comparatively , withoutgetting intodetailsof the projectassessment, "the WACCneeds to belower thantheprofit potentialof theventureto fund"or evenstatedinanotherorder , "the project'soverall performancehas to bemore thanWACC" . Selling priceValuation ofMonetaryAssetsor evenCapital Asset Pricing Model ( CAPMreferred to as)is amongtheequipmentutilized infinancialtofigure outthe necessaryrate of return fora certainasset (Capinski and Kopp 2012). . The CAPMdesignprovidesan interestingand alsoinstinctivemethodan easy waytoforecastthe risk of an active separatingtheseintomethodicalriskas well asunsystematic risk . Systematic riskdenotestheoverallfinancialuncertainty , thenatural environment, to exogenous , that whichwe couldnotdeal with. Unsystematic risk ,nevertheless, isa specifiedrisk of theorganizationor evenof ourfinancialindustry.Which is,it can beour ownrisk. This enablesthe CAPM todevelopthebestportfolio toascertainas accuratelyseeing thatpercentages of investment ineach and everyasset . Tofigure outthismethodtodiscoverthe linear relationship (Armitage 2005). Thereis littlefrictionor evenmarket failures .There is certainlya risk-free ratethatmarket speculatorsmayborrowor evenplacefinances,There is absolutely noinformation asymmetryand alsoinvestors are rational , whichdoes not necessarily meanthat mostinvestorspossessthe same conclusionsregardingthe expected returnsand alsostandard deviations of feasible portfolios (Alexander 2008) . The formulae for CAPM is E(RI)=Rf+Bi(E(RM)-Rf) where; E (ri) is the expected rate of return of capital on the asset I,im is the Beta (amount of risk relative to the market portfolio), E (rm - rf) it is the excess return on the market portfolio, (rm) Market Performance and (rf) Performance of a risk-free asset. Ri = 0.02 + (0.0568 to 0.02) x 1.12 = 0.061216 6.12% ($4,255,000 interest Expense)*(1-.30 Tax rate)/$45,800,000+$1,500,000 Unamortized premium =6.2% Therefore, according to the annual CAPM required return to shares of BHP Billiton, given its systematic risk and excluding dividends, will be 6.12%. Namely, to 10.1% (6.12 / 5.56) higher than the required return to the market average. References Alexander, Carol.2008Market Risk Analysis. Chichester, England: Wiley,2008.12 Armitage, S.2005The Cost Of Capital. New York: Cambridge University Press,2005. 131 Best Practice Environmental Management In Mining. [Canberra]: Environment Australia,2002. 28[8] "BHP Billiton | A Leading Global Resources Company". Bhpbillito(s 2005)(s 2005)(s 2005)n.Com. https://www.bhpbilliton.com, 2016. BHP Billiton Skills.Net Roadshow Queensland. [Brisbane]: State Library of Queensland.2003. Bloom, David E.Does Age Structure Forecast Economic Growth?. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research,2007. Boyer, Robert.2007.The Future Of Economic Growth. Cheltenham, UK: E. Elgar.2007. Brebbia, C. A. 2013.Risk Analysis. Southampton: WIT Press. Capinski, Marek and Ekkehard Kopp2012.The Black?Scholes Model. Cambridge: University Press,2012. 34 Cinnamon, Robert, Brian Helweg-Larsen, and Paul Cinnamon. 2010.How To Understand Business Finance. London: Kogan Page,2010. 11 Cochrane, John .Asset Pricing. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press,2001. Connor, Gregory, Lisa R Goldberg, and Robert A Korajczyk..Portfolio Risk Analysis.Princeton: Princeton University Press,2010. 36 Connor, Gregory, Lisa R Goldberg, and Robert A Korajczyk..Portfolio Risk Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010. Levy, Haim.The Capital Asset Pricing Model In The 21St Century. New York: Cambridge University Press,2012. Pennacchi, George Gaetano .Theory Of Asset Pricing. Boston: Pearson/Addison-Wesley.2008. Peterson Drake, Pamela and Frank J Fabozzi..Capital Budgeting. New York, NY: Wiley.2002 Pratt, Shannon P.2007Cost Of Capital. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons Sharma, Nand Kishore.2010Business Finance. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers, Webster, Thomas J.2003.Managerial Economics. Amsterdam: Academic Press

Sunday, December 1, 2019

The Terrible War

The American civil war, which stated in 1862 and ended in1865, is one of the bloodiest civil wars waged on this earth (Porter, 1976). There were many issues at play leading to the war but slavery was the key concern. The war happened because of economical, political and cultural differences between the Northern states and the Southern states.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Terrible War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two regions had different economical foundations i.e. the north was industrialized and the southern states were dominantly agrarian. The strife, which resulted to the war, emanated from various political, economic and social issues, which informed the decisions by leaders from these regions. This essay will evaluate in details what exactly caused the terrible war and its aftermath. Fellman et al (2002), point at slavery as the main reason that provoked strife between the two regions. In the late 1970s to 1860s, slavery was the norm in most of the Southern states. Slaves supplied adequate labor that helped flourish the cotton industry. White-Americans perceived the African-Americans (slaves) as mere objects; this mistaken perception led to African Americans being exploited and mistreated (Porter, 1976). On the other hand, the industrialized northern states believed slavery was incorrect and that the African-Americans, like any other human being, are entitled to dignity and respect. The conflict between the two regions kindled tension, which later turned out to be the worst war fought on American soil. Apart from slavery, economic differences and thus different economic aspirations between the south and the north led to the emergency of sectionalism. The impacts of sectionalism were deeply rooted and widely spread. This kind of problem became more apparent in 1787 through debate on a new constitution (Catton, 2004). The southerners felt that the economically stable Nort hern states were prejudiced against the southern states given racism was prevalent in the northern states as well. Majority of the Northern states allowed for discrimination against the blacks; actually, only four northern states allowed blacks to vote. Negroes, as black Americans were called in the northern states, were subjected to threats of eviction from some states. In addition, blacks were not allowed to serve in certain posts especially the jury in all states (Catton, 2004). The debate on whether to maintain slavery or not led to the southern states declaring succession. According to Catton (2004), the withdrawal by these states was interpreted by Buchanan, outgoing president, and Lincoln, the president elect, as an act of rebellion against the Union. The succession was a calculated move because majority of the southern states were against the Republican Party, which had won an election and Lincoln was promising to abolish expansion of slavery.Advertising Looking for ess ay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Both the incoming president (Abraham Lincoln)) and the outgoing president (James Buchanan) labeled the succession as an act of rebellion. It is also worth noting that some slave states refused to back the withdrawal from the Union. Later four more states joined the succession, prompting President Lincoln to declare war against slave trade in the southern states. This declaration aroused an atmosphere full of contempt and suspicion among the southern states. The other cause of the civil war was due to the unstable allegiance to nationalism belief by the southern states. The southern states were torn between accepting the Union and rejecting it. The southern states upheld their religious ideologies and rationalized their institutions and judicial system (Carter et al, 2003). When the crisis arose, the southerners decided to fight rather than denounce their religious beliefs for nationali sm, which was perceived as a northern principle. Fellman et al (2002), suggest that the civil war can also be attributed to misinterpretation of the State’s right. The southern citizens believed each individual had the right to transfer his/her property to any part of the US without any restriction. Since the rich southern farmers perceived slaves as property, the property rights also applied to them. However, the northern counterparts refuted this â€Å"right† because it would contravene with their stand of abolishing slavery within America. President Buchanan who was opposed to the slave trade believed that the southern interpretation of the right was misplaced and erroneous. The Civil war caused much damage to the US and the American people at large. For instance, very many people died i.e. soldiers and civilians alike. Although the North won against the south, about ten percent of youthful males from the northern states died in the war. On a positive note, the civi l war helped end the slave trade that had turned black Americans into mere commodities. In 1865, all the slaves were declared free. Later, the US embarked on the post war reconstruction to stabilize the country’s economy and unify the northern states and the southern states (Blair, 2006). The civil war is the worst war fought on the American soil. Although, there are many causes that have been posited to explain the war, none is enough to account for such a horrendous ordeal. Although one cannot single out a conclusive cause of the war, the Civil war acted as an example of how minor issues can trigger massive bloodshed.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Terrible War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The 1960s census indicated that about three percent of the total American population succumbed to the war and a lot of property was destroyed. This was generally unnecessary. However, despite the negative con sequences of the civil war, slave trade was eventually abolished and America has since then, gradually, developed to enjoy enhanced internal peace and cohesion. Reference List Blair, J. E. (2006). The Essential Civil War: A Handbook to the Battles. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Inc. Carter, A. E., Jensen, R. J. Thomas, W. G. (2003). The Civil War on the Web. California: American Library Association. Catton, B. McPherson, J. M. (2004). The Civil War, American Heritage. New York: American Heritage Inc. Fellman, M., Gordon, J. L. Sutherland, D. E. (2002). The Terrible War and Its Aftermath. Michigan: Longman Porter, D. M. (1976). The Impending Crisis. Michigan: Harper Row Press This essay on The Terrible War was written and submitted by user Kingston Alvarez to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.